TABLE 1.
Baseline age-standardized characteristics of 47,896 male health professionals, by choline intake
| Quintile of choline |
||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P value1 | |
| Median choline intake (mg/d) | 305 | 351 | 385 | 425 | 509 | — |
| Age (y) | 52.2 ± 9.92 | 53.4 ± 9.8 | 53.8 ± 9.7 | 54.7 ± 9.6 | 55.7 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 3.2 | 25.4 ± 3.2 | 25.5 ± 3.3 | 25.7 ± 3.5 | 25.8 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Vigorous physical activity (MET-h3/wk) | 12.6 ± 24.8 | 12.6 ± 22.9 | 12.6 ± 25.0 | 12.5 ± 26.4 | 13.4 ± 30.7 | 0.08 |
| White (%) | 90 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 91 | 0.008 |
| Current smokers (%) | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 12 | <0.001 |
| Family history of prostate cancer (%) | 13 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 0.89 |
| Pearson correlation between intake of choline and other nutrients at baseline4 | ||||||
| Cholesterol | 0.62 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Saturated fat | 0.04 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Polyunsaturated fat | −0.04 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Protein | 0.53 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Calcium | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Phosphorus | 0.43 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zinc | 0.29 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lycopene | 0.01 | — | — | — | — | — |
1
Calculated from a logistic model that examined categorical choline as the dependent variable and the characteristic of interest as the independent variable, adjusted for age.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).
3
MET-h, metabolic equivalent task-hours.
4
All nutrients were adjusted for energy by using the nutrient-residual method, and all P values were <0.001 except for the correlation coefficient between lycopene and choline (P = 0.20).