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. 2012 Sep 6;18:2323–2337.

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Copyright © 2012 Molecular Vision.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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RTL220 protects the degenerating retina from microglia/macrophages (MG/mφ) activities. A-C: Representative confocal photomicrographs of the retina show the preservation of photoreceptor cells and reduction in MG/mφ after RTL220 treatment at P60. There is a significant reduction in MG/mφ migration and their presence in subretinal debris space in RTL220-treated retinas (C). MG/mφ were stained with lba-1 antibody (red) and nuclei with diamidino-phenyl-indole (DAPI; blue). D-F: Representative images show immunofluorescent staining of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat retinas with anti- monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) antibodies (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue). D: dystrophic retina at P30 shows MCP-1 expression around the ganglion cell layer; E: RTL101-treated retina. F: RTL220- treated retina shows a reduction in MCP-1 fluorescence; arrows indicate labeling of MCP-1 (red). Abbreviations: OS - outer segments, ONL - outer nuclear layer, INL - inner nuclear layer, GCL - ganglion cell layer.