Table 1. Functional Grouping of Genes Up-Regulated by K and D ODNs.

Significantly up-regulated genes	Responding to
	K and D	K only	D only
Total number	92	157	213
Functional grouping
Immune system	32	54	25
Innate [n (%)]	12 (38%)	13a (24%)	1 (4%)
Adaptive/B and T cell activation [n (%)]	6 (19%)	25 (46%)	7 (28%)
Inflammatory [n (%)]	7 (22%)	28b (52%)	5 (20%)
Antiviral but not antibacterial [n (%)]	23c (72%)	7 (15%)	5 (20%)
Antibacterial but not antiviral [n (%)]	0	19a (35%)	3 (12%)
Metabolic process	56	102	116

CAL-1 cells were stimulated with 3 μM K or D ODN and changes in gene expression monitored for 1–48 h by microarray, as described in the legend to Fig. 2. All genes up-regulated (P<10⁻⁵) significantly at any time-point were identified. These genes were then grouped on the basis of being regulated by only K ODN, only D ODN, or both classes of ODNs. Each group of genes was then functionally categorized using GO and IPA. The functional subgroups of activated genes contributing to host immunity are shown and their fractional distribution as a percentage of the number of immune genes induced by K and/or D ODNs calculated. Fisher exact tests were performed to identify GO groups that were overexpressed significantly. Note that genes in Column 1 were compared with those in Column 2 or 3, whereas those in Columns 2 and 3 were compared with each other.

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01;

^cP < 0.001.