Table 2.
Details of intervention and measurement of studies
| Study | Intervention (timing) | Followup (days) | Outcome measurement | Cofactors | Missing information (PVP/control) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buchbinder et al. [8] | PVP (32% < 6 weeks) Sham PVP (32% < 6 weeks) |
180 | Pain score (VAS); QUALEFFO total score; AQoL score; RDQ score; EQ–5D score. | Standard care | (3/4) (7.9%/10%) |
| Kallmes et al. [26] | PVP (16 weeks) Sham PVP (20 weeks) |
90 | Pain score(VAS); RDQ score; Pain Frequency Index; Pain Bothersomeness Index; SOF–ADL scale; EQ–5D scale | 0.25% bupivacaine during injection; 35 underwent crossover intervention at < 3 months | (4/2) (5.9%/3.2%) |
| Voormolen et al. [47] | PVP (85 days) Conservative therapy (76 days) |
360 | Pain score (VAS); QUALEFFO; RDQ; decrease in analgesic dosage | Initial pain medication | (0/0) |
| Rousing et al. [37] | PVP conservative therapy (40 patients < 2 weeks, 10 patients between 2 and 8 weeks) | 90 | Pain score (VAS); Medical outcome SF-36; DPQ; EQ-5D; Barthel; MMSE; Tandem test; timed up and go | Pain medication and physiotherapy until discharged | (2/1) (7.7%/4.2%) |
| Farrokhi et al. [16] | PVP (27 weeks) Conservative therapy (30 weeks) |
1080 | Pain score (VAS); Oswestry LBP score for QOL; vertebral body height; sagittal index | Not mentioned | (3/3) (7.5%/7.15%) |
| Diamond et al. [14] | PVP; conservative therapy (1–6 weeks) | 720 | Pain score (PPI); physical function; new fractures and mortality | Antiosteoporotic therapy | (6/1) (6.8%/2.6%) |
| Klazen et al. [27] | PVP (29.3 days) Conservative therapy (26.8 days) |
360 | Pain score (VAS); EQ-5D; QUALEFFO; RDQ | Not mentioned | (15/24) (14.6%/23.8%) |
| Wang et al. [50] | PVP; conservative therapy (< 6 weeks) | 360 | Pain score (VAS); physical function; pain medication requirement; complications and new fractures | Pain medication after the procedure | (0/3) (0/13%) |
| Alvarez et al. [2] | PVP; conservative therapy (> 6 weeks) | 360 | Pain score (VAS); Oswestry function test; decrease in analgesic dosage; SF-36 | Standard care | (0/0) |
PVP = percutaneous vertebroplasty groups; QOL = quality of life; QUALEFFO = Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis; AQoL = Assessment of Quality of Life; RDQ = Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire; DPQ = Dallas Pain Questionnaire; EQ-5D = European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions; SOF–ADL = Study of Osteoporotic Fractures–Activities of Daily Living; MMSE = modified mini-mental state examination; SF-36 = Short Form-36; LBP = low-back pain; PPI = present pain intensity.