Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Homeless and CWT Veterans
|
n |
Mean (standard deviation) or frequency |
CWT* (n = 33) |
DOM† (n = 79) |
Test statistics |
P |
Bedford (n = 77) |
Dallas (n = 35) |
Test statistics |
P |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) | 110 | 46.1 (6.4) | 46.9 | 45.7 | t = 0.90 | 0.37 | 46.6 | 45.0 | t = 1.25 | 0.21 |
| Number of teeth (mean) |
108 | 20.8 (8.2) | 21.9 | 20.4 | t = 1.04 | 0.30 | 20.6 | 21.1 | t = −0.30 | 0.77 |
| Mental Component Scale‡ (mean) |
91 | 44.8 (9.7) | 43.2 | 45.6 | t = −1.29 | 0.20 | 44.1 | 46.0 | t = −0.82 | 0.42 |
| Physical Component Scale‡ (mean) |
91 | 47.2 (10.1) | 46.2 | 47.7 | t = −0.66 | 0.51 | 48.7 | 44.9 | t = 1.74 | 0.09 |
| General Oral Health Assessment Index (mean) |
106 | 26.7 (5.1) | 28.6 | 25.9 | t = 2.42 | 0.02 | 26.7 | 26.6 | t = 0.18 | 0.86 |
| Rosenberg Self-Esteem Index (mean) |
95 | 19.5 (5.9) | 18.5 | 20.0 | t = −1.16 | 0.25 | 19.0 | 20.3 | t = −1.09 | 0.28 |
| Comorbidity Index (mean) |
110 | 7.1 (2.7) | 7.6 | 6.9 | t = 1.20 | 0.23 | 7.5 | 6.3 | t = 2.26 | 0.03 |
| Anxiety | 110 | 37.3% | 36.4% | 37.7% | χ2 = 0.02 | 0.90 | 49.3% | 11.4% | χ2 = 14.70 | 0.0001 |
| Bipolar disorder | 110 | 40.9% | 54.6% | 35.1% | χ2 = 3.62 | 0.06 | 48.0% | 25.7% | χ2 = 4.90 | 0.03 |
| Depression | 110 | 79.1% | 84.8% | 76.6% | χ2 = 0.94 | 0.33 | 77.3% | 82.9% | χ2 = 0.44 | 0.51 |
| Diabetes | 110 | 13.6% | 24.2% | 9.1% | χ2 = 4.50 | 0.03 | 14.7% | 11.4% | x2 = 0.21 | 0.64 |
| GERD | 110 | 14.6% | 27.3% | 9.1% | χ2 = 6.14 | 0.01 | 17.3% | 8.6% | χ2 = 1.47 | 0.22 |
| Hypertension | 110 | 39.1% | 42.4% | 37.7% | χ2 = 0.22 | 0.64 | 34.7% | 48.6% | χ2 = 1.94 | 0.16 |
| Osteoarthritis | 110 | 30.9% | 33.3% | 29.9% | χ2 = 0.13 | 0.72 | 36.0% | 20.0% | χ2 = 2.86 | 0.09 |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder |
110 | 38.2% | 33.3% | 40.3% | χ2 = 0.47 | 0.49 | 41.3% | 31.4% | x2 = 0.99 | 0.32 |
| Schizophrenia | 110 | 19.1% | 36.4% | 11.7% | χ2 = 9.11 | 0.002 | 24.0% | 8.6% | χ2 = 3.68 | 0.06 |
| Race | 97 | χ2 = 4.20 | 0.52 | χ2 = 39.71 | <0.0001 | |||||
| White | 67.0% | 80.0% | 62.5% | 87.1% | 31.4% | |||||
| Black | 27.8% | 16.0% | 31.9% | 8.1% | 62.9% | |||||
| Other | 5.2% | 4.0% | 5.6% | 4.8% | 5.7% | |||||
| Sex (% male) | 112 | 94.6% | 93.9% | 94.9% | χ2 = 0.05 | 0.83 | 94.8% | 94.3% | χ2 = 0.01 | 0.91 |
| Dentate (% with teeth) | 108 | 94.4% | 100.0% | 92.2% | χ2 = 2.56 | 0.11 | 94.5% | 94.3% | χ2 = 0.002 | 0.96 |
| Single-item general health |
95 | χ2 = 0.64 | 0.96 | χ2 = 6.63 | 0.16 | |||||
| Excellent | 10.5% | 9.7% | 10.9% | 13.3% | 5.7% | |||||
| Very good | 33.7% | 35.5% | 32.8% | 31.7% | 37.1% | |||||
| Good | 40.0% | 38.7% | 40.6% | 45.0% | 31.4% | |||||
| Fair | 14.7% | 16.1% | 14.1% | 10.0% | 22.9% | |||||
| Poor | 1.0% | 0.0% | 1.6% | 0.0% | 2.9% | |||||
| Single-item oral health | 108 | χ2 = 5.41 | 0.14 | χ2 = 0.95 | 0.81 | |||||
| Excellent | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | |||||
| Very good | 8.3% | 6.4% | 9.1% | 9.6% | 5.7% | |||||
| Good | 26.8% | 41.9% | 20.8% | 24.7% | 31.4% | |||||
| Fair | 37.0% | 25.8% | 41.6% | 38.4% | 34.3% | |||||
| Poor | 27.8% | 25.8% | 28.6% | 27.4% | 28.6% | |||||
| Smoking | 107 | χ2 = 1.57 | 0.46 | χ2 = 3.96 | 0.14 | |||||
| Current | 72.9% | 64.5% | 76.3% | 77.3% | 62.5% | |||||
| Former | 16.8% | 22.6% | 14.5% | 16.0% | 18.8% | |||||
| Never | 10.3% | 12.9% | 9.2% | 6.7% | 18.8% | |||||
| Alcohol (% who use) | 95 | 34.7% | 25.0% | 39.7% | χ2 = 2.02 | 0.16 | 23.0% | 55.9% | χ2 = 10.44 | 0.001 |
| Alcohol (% who drink ≥3/day) | 95 | 30.5% | 21.9% | 34.9% | χ2 = 1.70 | 0.19 | 21.3% | 47.1% | χ2 = 6.82 | 0.01 |
| Drug use (% who use) | 95 | 25.3% | 6.2% | 34.9% | χ2 = 9.24 | 0.002 | 9.8% | 52.9% | χ2 = 21.48 | <0.0001 |
| Brushing frequency | 103 | χ2 = 2.61 | 0.27 | χ2 = 1.46 | 0.48 | |||||
| ≥1/day | 85.4% | 77.4% | 88.9% | 84.3% | 87.9% | |||||
| 1–6/week | 11.6% | 19.4% | 8.3% | 11.4% | 12.1% | |||||
| <1/week | 2.9% | 3.2% | 2.8% | 4.3% | 0.0% | |||||
| Flossing frequency | 103 | χ2 = 3.65 | 0.16 | χ2 = 6.52 | 0.04 | |||||
| ≥1/day | 17.5% | 22.6% | 15.3% | 22.9% | 6.1% | |||||
| 1–6/week | 17.5% | 25.8% | 13.9% | 20.0% | 12.1% | |||||
| <1/week | 65.0% | 51.6% | 70.8% | 57.1% | 81.8% |
*
Compensated Work Therapy program.
Shading indicates statistical significance and trends approaching significance.
†
DOMicillary Care for Homeless Veterans program.
‡
From the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey.