Table 1.

Literature review of direct arterial cement embolization during spine procedures.

Authors & Year	Age (yrs), Sex	Spine Procedure	Pathology	Side, Segmental Artery, Final Embolized Artery	Symptoms
Matouk et al., present study	83, F	PV (TP)	osteoporosis	R, T9 → aorta & intercostal art.	asymptomatic
Tsai et al., 2010	63, F	OV	metastasis (adenocarcinoma)	L, T10 → aorta & ASA	anterior cord syndrome
Soultanis et al., 2009	47, M	CAPSR	AS-related spinal pseudoarthrosis	L, L3 → aorta → infra. gen. art.	limb ischemia
Amoretti et al., 2007	72, F	PV (EP)	metastasis (breast cancer)	R, L3 → aorta	asymptomatic
Baumann et al.*, 2007	77, F	osseous phlebography	osteoporosis	L4	NA
* This is a report of osseous phlebography that demonstrated opacification of a lumbar artery. As a result, PV was successfully performed via the contralateral pedicle without arterial cement embolization. Abbreviations: AS = ankylosing spondylitis; ASA = anterior spinal artery; CAPSR = cement-augmented pedicle screw revision; EP = extra-pedicular approach; infra. gen. art. = infragenicular arteries; NA = not applicable; OV = open vertebroplasty; PV = percutaneous vertebroplasty; TP = trans-pedicular approach.