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. 2012 Sep 14;3:360. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00360

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Sex-based differences in human cardiac ion channels altered myocyte electrophysiology in transmural 1-dimensional tissue models. Simulated action potentials (APs) at 1000 ms pacing frequency in a 3.6 cm cardiac fiber. Time is shown on the x-axis and voltage on the z-axis. The 500th paced beats are shown. (A) Simulated male fibers with no hormone. (B) Female fibers with no hormone. (C) Pseudo ECGs show the genomic effects on QT intervals for male [(A) – blue] and female [(B) – red] models. (D–H) Simulated combined effects of estradiol and progesterone during the menstrual cycle and DHT on APs. (I) The virtual ECGs (the 500th beat) show QT intervals change during the menstrual cycle and two physiological concentrations of DHT, indicated by black arrows. (J,K) Disparate responses to IKr channel block in the late follicular phase versus with DHT. (L) The computed ECG (the 500th beat) shows that QT interval is substantially longer in the late follicular phase [(K) – red) than with DHT [(J) – black]. Ninety five percentage repolarization of last cells indicated red arrows.