Table 2. Acceptability of provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling, Africa, 1999–2009.

Publication (Author, year)	Country	Primary objective	Sample size	Population group	Acceptability
Etiebet, 200422	South Africa	Knowledge, attitude and practices survey of women receiving prenatal or postnatal care	264	Women attending midwife obstetric units	(i) 93% agreed that all pregnant women should be tested for HIV; (ii) 98% agreed they would recommend attendance at a clinic that routinely offers HIV testing to a friend or sister
Nakanjako, 200723	Uganda	To determine whether patients would accept a routine offer of HIV testing in a medical emergency setting	233	Adult patients	(i) 99% expressed a need to integrate routine HTC into medical care at the emergency unit; (ii) 86% believed routine testing would help link HIV-positive patients to HIV care services
Chandisarewa, 200724	Zimbabwe	To assess the impact of routine ANC testing for PMTCT	221	Follow-up survey with pregnant women	(i) 89.1% stated that offering routine testing was helpful as it empowers women to “exercise their rights and responsibilities” with regard to accessing relevant information and making informed choices about PMTCT; (ii) 10.9% stated that the offer of routine antenatal testing was not helpful
Corneli, 200825	Democratic Republic of the Congo	To identify an acceptable approach to HIV testing for tuberculosis patients based on the views of patients and health-care workers	88	Tuberculosis patients	(i) 99% supported the incorporation of HIV testing into routine care for tuberculosis patients; (ii) 99% expressed the view that HIV testing should be offered at the start of tuberculosis treatment; (iii) 68% preferred HIV testing to be offered by a tuberculosis nurse (including 93% of tuberculosis patients who were tested in this way); (iv) 24% preferred referral to on-site HIV testing; (v) 8% preferred referral to a freestanding voluntary HTC site
Byamugisha, 200926	Uganda	To assess attitudes towards routine HIV testing among new ANC attendees	388	First-time ANC attendees	Question posed: “Nowadays in this clinic all mothers are tested for HIV unless they say no, what do you think about this system?” 98.5% responded “good” or “very good (helps them know their HIV status and thus plan for their future and that of their baby)”; 1.5% responded “fair”, “bad” or “very bad”
Rollins, 200927	South Africa	To determine the acceptability and feasibility of universal HIV testing of 6-week-old infants attending immunization clinics	646	Women with infants	(i) Question posed: “How did you feel when offered the opportunity of HIV testing?” (for infants). Response: 77.9% comfortable; 11% surprised; 4.5% frightened; 3.4% shocked; 1.5% anxious; 0.3% preferred not to answer; 0.2% other; (ii) 89.8% would recommend HTC to “others”
Angotti, 201028	Malawi	To determine local perceptions of routine HIV testing and the potential consequences	18 (12 from an ANC attendee sample)	Women who had been offered HTC in an ANC and accepted	Interviewees made “favourable” comments about the routine offer of HTC and generally accepted its implementation in an ANC
Larsson, 201129	Uganda	To explore women’s experiences of, and views on, the opt-out testing policy and associated HIV testing in an ANC	18	Pregnant women attending an ANC	Some women viewed the opt-out testing policy as positive as it could benefit their child and themselves

ANC, antenatal clinic; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HTC, HIV testing and counselling; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.