Table III.
The association between consumption of a Western and Prudent dietary pattern and semen quality parameters.
| Western pattern |
Prudent pattern |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted means (95% CI) | Low | Low-Mod | Mod-High | High | Low | Low-Mod | Mod-High | High | ||
| n | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | P-valuea | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | P-valuea |
| Sperm concentration (106/ml)b | ||||||||||
| Energy adjusted | 40.7 (29.7, 55.8) | 45.0 (33.8, 60.0) | 46.8 (35.5, 34.1) | 48.4 (34.1, 68.8) | 0.54 | 39.5 (29.6, 52.7) | 42.3 (32.0, 55.9) | 52.1 (39.6, 68.5) | 47.7 (35.5, 64.1) | 0.35 |
| Adjustedc | 43.9 (29.9, 64.7) | 53.3 (36.3, 78.2) | 52.5 (36.4, 75.8) | 50.7 (33.1, 77.5) | 0.55 | 44.3 (30.3, 64.9) | 46.2 (32.3, 66.1) | 56.1 (39.2, 80.3) | 51.2 (34.9, 75.2) | 0.66 |
| % Progressively motile spermd | ||||||||||
| Energy adjusted | 55.4 (50.7, 60.0) | 60.7 (56.5, 65.0) | 60.1 (56.0, 64.1) | 57.4 (52.2, 62.6) | 0.80 | 56.2 (51.9, 60.6) | 58.0 (53.9, 62.2) | 59.5 (55.4, 63.6) | 59.7 (55.3, 64.2) | 0.30 |
| Adjusted | 59.5 (53.6, 65.4) | 62.6 (56.8, 68.4) | 60.8 (55.2, 66.3) | 58.4 (51.9, 64.9) | 0.48 | 57.1 (51.4, 62.9) | 59.0 (53.7, 64.4) | 61.2 (55.8, 66.6) | 63.7 (57.8, 69.7) | 0.04 |
| % Morphologically normal | ||||||||||
| Energy adjusted | 7.9 (6.4, 9.3) | 8.8 (7.5, 10.2) | 8.27 (7.0, 9.6) | 9.6 (7.9, 11.2) | 0.26 | 8.6 (7.2, 10.0) | 9.3 (8.0, 10.6) | 8.7 (7.4, 10.0) | 7.9 (6.6, 9.3) | 0.35 |
| Adjusted | 7.9 (6.1, 9.8) | 8.9 (7.0, 10.7) | 8.4 (6.6, 10.1) | 9.6 (7.5, 11.6) | 0.59 | 8.7 (6.9, 10.6) | 9.2 (7.5, 10.9) | 8.6 (6.9, 10.3) | 7.8 (6.0, 9.7) | 0.27 |
aP-value for linear trend across quartiles.
bParameter was natural log-transformed for normality.
cAdjusted means are presented for the median abstinence time (70.5 h), multivitamin use (no), race (white), smoking status (former or never), BMI (24.6 kg/m2), recruitment period (2009), moderate-to-intense exercise (5.1–14 h/week) and total calorie intake (2939 kcals).
dAdditionally adjusted for time from semen collection to start of semen analysis (10 h).