Table 5. Group differences in loneliness and connectedness subscales (Beijing older adults).

	UCLA Loneliness	Intimate Connectedness	Relational Connectedness	Collective Connectedness
Gender
Male	36.6 (10.6)*	12.3 (2.9)	13.3 (2.4)	13.4 (2.1)
Female	33.9 (9.6)	12.9 (2.8)	13.4 (2.4)	13.8 (1.9)
Marital status
Married	34.3 (9.9)**	12.8 (2.7)**	13.5 (2.3)*	13.7 (2.0)*
Unmarried	40.5 (10.0)	11.2 (2.9)	12.4 (2.8)	12.8 (2.1)
Have children
Yes	35.0 10.0)	12.6 (2.8)	13.4 (2.4)	13.6 (2.0)
No	38.2 (12.5)	12.1 (3.2)	13.2 (2.0)	13.0 (2.4)
Have only one child
Yes	35.7 (10.1)*	12.5 (2.8)	13.1 (2.5)**	13.6 (2.0)
No	32.4 (9.1)	12.9 (2.6)	14.4 (2.0)	13.9 (1.8)
Single parent
Yes	39.6 (9.3)*	11.3 (2.5)*	12.4 (2.9)*	13.0 (2.1)
No	34.5 (10.0)	12.8 (2.8)	13.5 (2.4)	13.7 (1.9)
Religious affiliation
Yes	40.4 (9.6)	11.7 (2.5)	12.3 (2.3)	12.7 (2.7)
No	35.0 (10.1)	12.6 (2.8)	13.4 (2.4)	13.6 (1.9)

^*significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

^**significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).