Registration performance in cadaver studies emulating CBCT-guided skull base surgery involving drillout tasks of the clivus, vidian canal, and ethmoid sinuses. (a) NMI for rigid, conventional Demons, and XDD registration. (b) Accuracy in and about the region of excision in the form of “operating curves,” i.e., fraction of target tissue correctly removed (“sensitivity”) plotted versus fraction of adjacent normal correctly preserved (“specificity”).