Fig 3.

Interactions of the Csr system with other E. coli regulatory systems shape diverse circuitry.

A. CsrA posttranscriptionally represses several steps in the synthesis of the biofilm polysaccharide β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine, tightening the regulation of biofilm formation. (from Pannuri et al. 2011).

B. The Csr and stringent response systems interact to reinforce transcriptional control by ppGpp, as well as relieve repression of relA and ppGpp synthesis by CsrA during the stringent response (from Edwards et al. 2011).

C. Expression of pathogenicity genes in the Lee locus is compromised by both low and high activity of CsrA due to its opposing effects on structural genes and the GrlA regulator (Bhatt et al. 2009). The effect of CsrA on escD (?) is indirect.