Table 1.
Effects of experimental studies of sleep manipulation on glucose tolerance and appetite regulation.
| Sleep Manipulation | n; age; BMI | Outcome Effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6d 4h TIB v 6d 12 h TIB | n=11 men Age: 18–27 y BMI <27kg/m2 |
↓ Glucose Tolerance (−40%) ↓ Acute Insulin Response to Glucose (−30%) |
(Spiegel et al., 1999) |
| 6d 4h TIB v 6d 12h TIB | n=11 men Age: 18–26 y BMI <27kg/m2 |
↓ Leptin (−19%) | (Spiegel et al., 2004a) |
| 2d 4h TIB v 2d 10h TIB | n=12 men Mean ± SD age: 22 ± 2 y Mean ± SD BMI: 23.6 ± 2.0 kg/m2 |
↓ Leptin (−18%) ↑ Ghrelin (+28%) |
(Spiegel et al., 2004b) |
| 7d 5h TIB v 8d 10h TIB | n=20 men Age: 20–35 y BMI 20–30 kg/m2 |
↓ Glucose Tolerance (−14%) ↓ Insulin Sensitivity (−20%) |
(Buxton et al., 2010) |
| 3d SWS suppression v 1 baseline night | n=5 men; 4 women Age: 20–31 y BMI<25 kg/m2 |
↓ Glucose Tolerance (−23%) ↓ Insulin Sensitivity (−25%) |
(Tasali et al., 2008) |
| 2d sleep fragmentation v 1 baseline night | n=9 men, 2 women Age: 18–29 y Mean ± SD BMI: 24.3±3.0 kg/m2 |
↓ Insulin Sensitivity (−25%) | (Stamatakis & Punjabi, 2010) |
| 5d 4h TIB v 5d 9h TIB | n=15 men, 15 women Age: 30–49 y BMI 22–26 kg/m2 |
↑ Caloric Intake (+12%) ↑ Fat Intake (+25%) |
(St-Onge et al., 2011) |
| 14d 5.5h TIB v 14d 8.5h TIB | n=6 men, 5 women Age: 34–49 y BMI: 24–29 kg/m2 |
↑ caloric intake from snacks (+26%) No difference in total caloric intake |
(Nedeltcheva et al., 2009). |
| 2d 4.25h TIB v 2d 7.25h TIB | n=15 men Age: 20–40 y BMI<25 kg/m2 |
No effect on leptin No effect on ghrelin No effect on food intake |
(Schmid et al., 2009) |
Abbreviations: y: years; d: days; h: hours; TIB: time in bed; SWS: slow wave sleep;
Symbols: ↑: increased; ↓: decreased