Day 1 fifth instar M. sexta naïve larvae were injected with purified recombinant MsSpz (3 μg/larva), MsSpz-C108 (1 μg/larva), S. aureus PG (PG-SA) (1 μg/larva), E. coli PG (PG-K12) (1 μg/larva), or water (control), or left untreated (naïve), fat body, hemocytes and midgut were then collected at 20 h post-injection for preparation of total RNAs. Expression of Msglv mRNA was determined by real-time PCR. M. sexta rpS3 gene was used as an internal control. The bars represent the mean of three individual measurements ± SEM. Relative expression of Msglv in naïve larvae was set as 1. Comparing induced expression of Msglv mRNA after different treatments, identical letters indicate not significant difference (p>0.05), while different letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05) determined by one way ANOVA followed by a Tukey's multiple comparison test.