Table 5.
Parameter estimates (β coefficient, 95% confidence interval) relating blood pressure (BP) and dietary pattern by antihypertensive medication status, adjusted for BMI, age and gender: white subjects representing the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort, USA and Canada
| Systolic BP | Diastolic BP | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No treatment (n 374) | All (n 500) | No treatment (n 374) | All (n 500) | |||||
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |
| Non-vegetarian | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | ||||
| Partial vegetarian | −2·8 | −8·3, 2·6 | −3·4 | −6·4, 3·0 | −2·6 | −5·5, 0·4 | −2·7 | −5·6, 0·2 |
| Lacto-ovo vegetarian | −5·9** | −9·7, 21·5 | −6·0** | −9·4, −1·2 | −3·2** | −5·4, 20·9 | −3·0** | −5·3, 20·8 |
| Vegan | −3·8 | −10·7, 1·2 | −4·3 | −11·1, 0·2 | −4·2** | −7·9, 21·4 | −4·3* | −7·3, 20·3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| ≤24·9 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·0 | ||||
| 25·0–29·9 | 3·1 | −1·1, 7·0 | −·9 | −0·8, 6·5 | 3·5** | 1·3, 5·6 | 3·8*** | 1·9, 5·7 |
| ≥30·0 | 11·9*** | 7·1, 16·4 | 10·8*** | 6·8, 14·9 | 9·6*** | 7·1, 12·1 | 9·5*** | 7·4, 11·6 |
| Gender (female/male) | 0·7 | −3·0, 4·3 | −·5 | −0·8, 4·0 | −1·3 | −3·3, 0·7 | −0·6 | −2·4, 1·1 |
| Age (per year) | 0·7*** | 0·5, 0·8 | 0·7*** | 0·5, 0·8 | 0·003 | −0·07, 0·07 | −0·02 | −0·1, 0·04 |
| Medication (no/yes) | No entries | −1·4 | −6·8, 4·0 | No entries | −2·3 | −2·1, 0·5 | ||
| Exercise† | 0·1 | −0·2, 0·4 | 0·1 | −0·1, 0·4 | 0·004 | −0·1, 0·1 | 0·01 | −0·1, 0·1 |
| Lacto-ovo×medication | No entries | 10·3* | −·3, 18·3 | No entries | No entries | |||
*
P,0·05;
**
P,0·01;
***
P,0·001.
†
Hours per week of moderate/hard/very hard physical activity.