Table 2.

All-cause mortality in adults aged 15–59 years, pre- and post-ART roll-out^*

	Adults 15–59, 1999–2009, entire population
	Deaths/pyrs (rate/1000 pyr)	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR† (95% CI)
All individuals		P < 0.001	P < 0.001
0–5 years pre ART	390/35 626 (10.9)	1	1
ART period 1‡	71/7713 (9.2)	0.84 (0.65–1.08)	0.82 (0.64–1.06)
ART period 2‡	225/33 650 (6.7)	0.61 (0.52–0.72)	0.58 (0.50–0.68)
Stratified by sex
Male		P < 0.001	P < 0.001
0–5 years pre ART	185/17 145 (10.8)	1	1
ART period 1‡	34/3671 (9.3)	0.86 (0.60–1.24)	0.84 (0.58–1.20)
ART period 2‡	109/15 907 (6.9)	0.64 (0.50–0.80)	0.60 (0.47–0.76)
Female		P < 0.001	P < 0.001
0–5 years pre ART	205/18 481 (11.1)	1	1
ART period 1‡	37/4042 (9.2)	0.83 (0.58–1.17)	0.81 (0.57–1.15)
ART period 2‡	116/17 743 (6.5)	0.59 (0.47–0.74)	0.57 (0.45–0.71)
Stratified by age
15–29 years		P = 0.06	P = 0.06
0–5 years pre ART	109/20 447 (5.3)	1	1
ART period 1‡	21/4259 (4.9)	0.92 (0.58–1.48)	0.92 (0.58–1.47)
ART period 2‡	67/17 980 (3.7)	0.70 (0.52–0.95)	0.70 (0.51–0.94)
30–44 years		P < 0.001	P < 0.001
0–5 years pre ART	192/9853 (19.5)	1	1
ART period 1‡	34/2268 (15.0)	0.77 (0.53–1.11)	0.77 (0.53–1.11)
ART period 2‡	84/10 046 (8.4)	0.43 (0.33–0.55)	0.43 (0.33–0.55)
45–59 years		P = 0.29	P = 0.29
0–5 years pre ART	89/5327 (16.7)	1	1
ART period 1‡	16/1185 (13.5)	0.81 (0.47–1.38)	0.81 (0.47–1.38)
ART period 2‡	74/5624 (13.2)	0.79 (0.58–1.07)	0.79 (0.58–1.07)

ART, antiretroviral therapy; RRs, rate ratios.

^*ART roll-out defined as 1 January 2004.

^†Adjusted for sex and age (RRs for all individuals), age (RRs stratified by sex), or sex (RRs stratified by age).

^‡ART period 1 defined as the first year after ART roll-out (1 January 2004 to 1 January 2005). ART period 2 defined as the 4-year period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2009).

^§All estimates include participants whose HIV status was unknown (never tested).