Table 4.
Comparison of mortality rates by HIV status in adults aged 15–59 years, pre- and post-ART roll-out, by age group
| Age group (years) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15–29 | 30–44 | 45–59 | 15–59 | |||||
| Deaths/pyrs (rate/1000 pyr) | RR* (95% CI) | Deaths/pyrs (rate/1000 pyr) | RR* (95% CI) | Deaths/pyrs (rate/1000 pyr) | RR* (95% CI) | Deaths/pyrs (rate/1000 pyr) | RR† (95% CI) | |
| 0–5 years pre ART | ||||||||
| HIV negative | 38/16 138 (2.4) | 1 | 36/6994 (5.1) | 1 | 35/4270 (8.2) | 1 | 109/27 402 (4.0) | 1 |
| HIV positive | 52/641 (81.1) | 34.1 (22.3–52.2) | 121/964 (125.5) | 24.3 (16.7–35.2) | 43/250 (171.9) | 20.1 (12.9–31.5) | 216/1855 (116.4) | 27.1 (21.4–34.2) |
| ART period 1‡ | ||||||||
| HIV negative | 8/3601 (2.2) | 1 | 5/1701 (2.9) | 1 | 11/1004 (11.0) | 1 | 24/6306 (3.8) | 1 |
| HIV positive | 10/141 (71.0) | 31.7 (12.5–80.5) | 25/241 (103.8) | 35.3 (13.5–92.2) | 3/53 (56.4) | 4.9 (1.4–17.6) | 38/435 (87.4) | 21.5 (12.9–36.0) |
| ART period 2‡ | ||||||||
| HIV negative | 36/15 237 (2.4) | 1 | 28/7641 (3.7) | 1 | 41/4641 (8.8) | 1 | 105/27 519 (3.8) | 1 |
| HIV positive | 21/578 (36.3) | 15.2 (8.8–26.3) | 39/1185 (32.9) | 9.0 (5.6–14.7) | 26/393 (66.1) | 7.3 (4.4–11.9) | 86/2156 (39.9) | 9.4 (7.0–12.5) |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; RRs, rate ratios.
*
Adjusted for sex and interaction between HIV status and time period. P-value for interaction = 0.06 in those aged 15–29, P = 0.002 in those 30–34 and P = 0.003 in those aged 45–59.
†
Adjusted for age, sex and interaction between HIV status and time period.
‡
ART period 1 defined as the first year after ART roll-out (1 January 2004 to 1 January 2005). ART period 2 defined as the 4-year period from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2009).