. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2012 Jun 13;2(6):437–443. doi: 10.1002/alr.21057

Table 1.

Literature review results and description of the most commonly used CRS-specific QOL instruments.

Instrument	Domains or subscales	Number of items in survey	Validity			Reliability		Responsiveness to change	Interpre- tation	Number of studies using instrument arranged by country
Instrument	Domains or subscales	Number of items in survey	Content	Criterion	Construct	Cron- bach’s α	Test- retest	Responsiveness to change	Interpre- tation	Number of studies using instrument arranged by country
RSDI^7,13,14	Functional, emotional, physical	30	Authors’ experience¹³	No significant association with CT score¹³	Discriminant: sinus disease patients have different scores for all items compared to controls¹³	0.95¹³	r=0.60– 0.92 for each of 3 domains ¹³	Change in score over 24 months correlated with change in symptom severity, physical health, mood, and perceived control of symptoms¹⁴	Understan- dable and short (<5 minutes to complete)⁷	USA - 26 United Kingdom - 1 Switzerland - 1 Turkey - 1 TOTAL: 29
CSS¹³	Symptoms, medica- tions	6	Literature review, authors’ experience	No correla- tion with CT score	Convergent: correlates with 3/8 SF-36 subscales; CSS and SF-36 scores improved with surgery	0.73	r=0.86 at 14–60 days	Effect size: 1.12 after surgery SRM: 0.33–0.82 after medical/surgical treatment	Not assessed	USA - 32 Australia - 2 Canada - 1 Nova Scotia - 1 Taiwan - 1 TOTAL: 37
SNOT- 20^10,13	Nasal, paranasal, sleep, social, emotional	20	Derived from RSOM-31	No correla- tion with computed tomo- graphy (CT) score¹³	Convergent: SNOT-20 and SF-12 scores improved¹³ Discriminant: significantly different scores between patients with rhinosinusitis and controls¹⁰	0.9¹⁰	r=0.9^¹⁰	SRM: 0.37 at 2 months after surgery¹³; 0.4 at 6 months¹⁰; 0.4 at 1 year¹⁰; 38% (95% CI, 28% to 49%) improvement in score with surgery¹³; change scores significantly different between patients with improved symptoms vs no improvement at 6 months, but not at 1 year¹⁰	Time burden: 10 minutes easy to interpret: score is the average of the 20 items¹⁰	USA - 13 Australia - 3 China - 2 Germany - 2 Egypt - 2 New Zealand - 1 United Kingdom - 1 Scotland - 1 Spain - 1 Italy - 1 Greece - 1 Thailand - 1 Turkey - 1 Vietnam - 1 Japan - 1 TOTAL: 32
SNOT-22⁵	Same as SNOT-20, plus questions regarding nasal blockage and loss of sense of taste and smell	22	Derived from SNOT-20	Not assessed	Discriminant: significantly different scores between patients with CRS and healthy controls, and between sub- groups of patients with CRS	0.91	r=0.93	Effect size at 3 months: 0.81; statistically significant decrease in patient-reported scores at 3 months	Respondent burden decreased compared to SNOT-20 (impor-tance rating removed)	United Kingdom - 5 Denmark - 1 Czech Republic - 1 Belgium - 1 TOTAL: 8

CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; QOL, quality of life; RSDI, Rhinosinusitis Disability Index; CSS, Chronic Sinusitis Survey; CT, computed tomography; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey-36; SNOT, Sinonasal Outcomes Test; SF-12, Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Survey-12; RSOM, RhinoSinusitis Outcome Measure; CI, confidence interval; SRM, standardized response mean.