Table 1.
Variation Between Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Cases and Controls in Putative Etiologic Factors Measured Categorically
| Putative Risk Factor | Category | Controls
|
TMD Cases
|
P Value† | Site-Adjusted Effect‡
|
Fully-Adjusted Effect‡
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Column % | N | Column % | OR§ | 95% CI¶ | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Lifetime Hx of external injury to jaw | Yes | 126 | 8.2 | 46 | 30.5 | <.0001 | 4.5 | 3.0, 6.7 | 4.2 | 2.8, 6.5 |
| No [ref]* | 1,408 | 91.8 | 105 | 69.5 | ||||||
| Jaw injury due to yawning | Yes | 44 | 2.7 | 30 | 16.2 | <.0001 | 7.0 | 4.2, 11.6 | 7.3 | 4.2, 12.7 |
| No [ref] | 1,579 | 97.3 | 155 | 83.8 | ||||||
| Jaw injury due to prolonged opening | Yes | 36 | 2.2 | 26 | 14.1 | <.0001 | 7.2 | 4.2, 12.4 | 8.3 | 4.5, 15.2 |
| No [ref] | 1,587 | 97.8 | 159 | 85.9 | ||||||
| Ever had orthodontic procedures | Yes | 694 | 42.9 | 110 | 59.8 | <.0001 | 1.9 | 1.4, 2.7 | 1.4 | 1.0, 2.0 |
| No [ref] | 925 | 57.1 | 74 | 40.2 | ||||||
| Oral behaviors-checklist: sum score | 25–62 | 458 | 29.4 | 147 | 83.1 | <.0001 | 19.2 | 10.0, 36.9 | 16.8 | 8.6, 32.9 |
| 17–24 | 514 | 33.0 | 20 | 11.3 | 2.3 | 1.1, 4.9 | 1.8 | .8, 3.9 | ||
| 0–16 [ref] | 585 | 37.6 | 10 | 5.6 | ||||||
*
Reference group used to calculate odds ratios.
†
P value is from binary logistic regression model evaluating overall association between putative risk factor and case status.
‡
Site-adjusted effects were computed in logistic regression models where the putative risk factor is the main explanatory variable and study site is the covariate. Fully-adjusted effects were computed in logistic regression models that additionally include covariates of age group, gender, and race/ethnicity.
§
Odds ratio.
¶
95% confidence interval for OR.