Table 3.
Variation Between Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) Cases and Controls in Self-Reported Pain and Functional Limitation of the Jaw Measured as Continuous Variables
| Putative Risk Factor | Units and Potential Range | Controls
|
TMD Cases
|
Unimputed Effect Estimates†
|
Imputed Effect Estimates†
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site-Adjusted Effect‡
|
Fully-Adjusted Effect‡
|
Fully-Adjusted Effect‡
|
|||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SE | N | Mean | SE | P Value* | SOR§ | 95% CI¶ | SOR | 95% CI¶ | N | SOR | 95% CI | ||
| Facial characteristic pain intensity# | 0–100 | 247 | 15.71 | 1.11 | 185 | 51.84 | 1.41 | <.0001 | 13.9 | 8.7,22.3 | 16.9 | 9.9,29.0 | |||
| Facial pain interferenc# | 0–100 | 246 | 5.01 | .84 | 184 | 19.71 | 1.69 | <.0001 | 2.8 | 2.1,3.8 | 2.9 | 2.2, 4.0 | |||
| No. days when efficiency dropped below 50%# | 0–180 days | 232 | 3.19 | 1.19 | 181 | 20.24 | 3.08 | <.0001 | 2.8 | 1.7,4.5 | 2.6 | 1.6,4.1 | |||
| JFLS: chewing limitation | 0–10 | 1,402 | .28 | .02 | 162 | 2.22 | .13 | <.0001 | 3.2 | 2.7, 3.8 | 3.3 | 2.8,3.9 | 1,763 | 3.0 | 2.6,3.5 |
| JFLS: opening limitation | 0–10 | 1,541 | .18 | .02 | 162 | 2.22 | .13 | <.0001 | 3.4 | 2.9,4.0 | 3.3 | 2.8,3.9 | 1,763 | 3.0 | 2.6,3.5 |
| JFLS: verbal & emotional expression limitation | 0–10 | 1,510 | .14 | .02 | 156 | .72 | .10 | <.0001 | 1.5 | 1.3, 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4,1.8 | 1,763 | 1.6 | 1.4,1.8 |
| JFLS: combined global measure | 0–10 | 1,331 | .16 | .02 | 135 | 1.74 | .11 | <.0001 | 3.7 | 3.1,4.5 | 3.7 | 3.0,4.5 | 1,763 | 2.9 | 2.5,3.4 |
P values are from analysis variance model comparing mean values of putative risk factor between cases and controls, with adjustment for study site.
Unimputed effect estimates are for complete case analysis using numbers of subjects in columns headed N under case classifications. Imputed effect estimates are for the full sample where missing data have been estimated.
Site-adjusted effects were computed in logistic regression models where the putative risk factor as the main explanatory variable and study site as covariate. Fully-adjusted effects were computed in logistic regression models that additionally include covariates of age group, gender and race/ethnicity.
SOR is standardized odds ratio from a logistic regression model evaluating the linear effect of the risk factor that was standardized by z-score transformation.
95% confidence interval for SOR.
The CPI assesses pain in the past 6 months, and the data reported encompass all who have ever had pain in the masticatory system; of these, N = 80 reported no pain in the past 6 months.