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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Sep 16.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2011 Mar 7;11(5):581–593. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2011.562496

Figure 1. Retroviral mechanisms of oncogenesis.

Figure 1

A. Acute-transforming replication-competent retroviruses capture a cellular proto-oncogene that mediates transformation. This mechanism does not occur in replication-incompetent vectors. B. The provirus 3′ long terminal repeat (LTR) triggers transcription of a cellular proto-oncogene at increased levels. C. Enhancers in the provirus LTRs activate transcription from a nearby cellular proto-oncogene promoter. D. Transcription from the provirus 5′ LTR creates a novel truncated isoform of a cellular proto-oncogene via splicing. E. A provirus disrupts transcription by causing premature polyadenylation (pA). The integrated provirus is indicated by two LTRs. Cellular proto-oncogene promoter and exons regions are indicated by black and grey boxes respectively.