Table 1.
Demographics of study population: California children presenting to the emergency department with injury from 2005-2009
| Characteristics | All Injuries | Mild Injury | Moderate Injury | Severe Injury | Unclassifiable Severity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISS <9 | 9 ≤ ISS ≤ 15 | ISS > 15 | Only injury E-code present; No ICD-9-CM injury code |
|||||||
| # of Visits | % | # of Visits | % | # of Visits | % | # of Visits | % | # of Visits | % | |
| Number of Visits | 3,519,530 | 100 | 3,161,224 | -- | 39,787 | -- | 10,818 | -- | 307,701 | -- |
| Age | ||||||||||
| <1 year | 395,771 | 11 | 329,569 | 10 | 4,193 | 11 | 1,418 | 13 | 60,591 | 20 |
| 1-4 years | 639,925 | 18 | 555,676 | 18 | 5,224 | 13 | 984 | 9 | 78,041 | 25 |
| 5-9 years | 711,732 | 20 | 652,111 | 21 | 6,164 | 15 | 1,214 | 11 | 52,243 | 17 |
| 10-14 years | 884,333 | 25 | 824,839 | 26 | 9,066 | 23 | 2,059 | 19 | 48,369 | 16 |
| 15-18 years | 887,769 | 25 | 799,029 | 25 | 15,140 | 38 | 5,143 | 48 | 68,457 | 22 |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 1,369,530 | 39 | 1,205,762 | 38 | 10,858 | 27 | 3,050 | 28 | 149,860 | 49 |
| Male | 2,147,268 | 61 | 1,953,004 | 62 | 28,904 | 73 | 7,759 | 72 | 157,601 | 51 |
| Not Available | 2,732 | 0.1 | 2,458 | 0.1 | 25 | 0.1 | 9 | 0.1 | 240 | 0.1 |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||
| White | 1,361,265 | 39 | 1,234,413 | 39 | 15,757 | 40 | 3,930 | 36 | 107,165 | 35 |
| Black or African-American | 290,208 | 8 | 256,350 | 8 | 3,265 | 8 | 982 | 9 | 29,611 | 10 |
| Hispanic | 1,388,853 | 39 | 1,241,609 | 39 | 15,849 | 40 | 4,472 | 41 | 126,923 | 41 |
| Asian | 153,391 | 4 | 135,717 | 4 | 1,755 | 4 | 530 | 5 | 15,389 | 5 |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 13,152 | 0.4 | 11,813 | 0.4 | 122 | 0.3 | 28 | 0.3 | 1,189 | 0.4 |
| Other or Not Available | 312,661 | 9 | 281,322 | 9 | 3,039 | 8 | 876 | 8 | 27,424 | 9 |
| Insurance Status | ||||||||||
| Private or HMO Insurance† | 1,826,338 | 52 | 1,657,485 | 52 | 19,936 | 50 | 4,972 | 46 | 143,945 | 47 |
| Public or Government Insurance† | 1,260,220 | 36 | 1,116,570 | 35 | 15,969 | 40 | 4,900 | 45 | 122,781 | 40 |
| No Insurance/Self pay | 379,120 | 11 | 339,079 | 11 | 3,321 | 8 | 797 | 7 | 35,923 | 12 |
| Other† | 53,843 | 2 | 48,081 | 2 | 561 | 1 | 149 | 1 | 5,052 | 2 |
| Not Available | 9 | <0.1 | 9 | <0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rural Status | ||||||||||
| Rural | 338,554 | 10 | 305,112 | 10 | 3,578 | 9 | 919 | 8 | 28,945 | 9 |
| Urban | 3,180,976 | 90 | 2,856,112 | 90 | 36,209 | 91 | 9,899 | 92 | 278,756 | 91 |
| Disposition | ||||||||||
| Home | 3,326,450 | 95 | 3,042,198 | 96 | 13,304 | 33 | 918 | 8 | 270,030 | 88 |
| Admitted | 133,420 | 4 | 71,169 | 2 | 25,102 | 63 | 9,300 | 86 | 27,849 | 9 |
| Died in ED | 1,340 | <0.1 | 482 | <0.1 | 212 | 1 | 255 | 2 | 391 | 0.1 |
| Other | 58,320 | 2 | 47,375 | 1 | 1,169 | 3 | 345 | 3 | 9,431 | 3 |
| Distance: Residence to Nearest Acute Hospital |
||||||||||
| 0-5 miles | 3,087,831 | 88 | 2,773,919 | 88 | 33,948 | 85 | 9,149 | 85 | 270,815 | 88 |
| 6-10 miles | 279,065 | 8 | 251,008 | 8 | 3,652 | 9 | 1,011 | 9 | 23,394 | 8 |
| >10 miles | 144,410 | 4 | 128,899 | 4 | 2,078 | 5 | 622 | 6 | 12,811 | 4 |
| Not Available | 8,224 | 0.2 | 7,398 | 0.2 | 109 | 0.3 | 36 | 0.3 | 681 | 0.2 |
| Annual Median Household Income* | ||||||||||
| <100% Federal Poverty Line (FPL) | 10,671 | 0.3 | 9,395 | 0.3 | 121 | 0.3 | 44 | 0.4 | 1,111 | 0.4 |
| 100-200% FPL | 897,900 | 26 | 800,860 | 25 | 10,240 | 26 | 2,971 | 27 | 83,829 | 27 |
| 200-300% FPL | 1,386,288 | 39 | 1,242,857 | 39 | 15,419 | 39 | 4,320 | 40 | 123,692 | 40 |
| >300% FPL | 1,151,938 | 33 | 1,042,778 | 33 | 13,102 | 33 | 3,237 | 30 | 92,821 | 30 |
| Not Available | 72,733 | 2 | 65,334 | 2 | 905 | 2 | 246 | 2 | 6,248 | 2 |
| Major Injury Categories | ||||||||||
| Fracture/Dislocation | 652,637 | 19 | 622,401 | 20 | 26,729 | 67 | 3,507 | 32 | -- | -- |
| Muscle Sprain | 445,161 | 13 | 445,017 | 14 | 137 | 0.3 | 7 | 0.1 | -- | -- |
| Intracranial/Nervous System | 80,547 | 2 | 73,158 | 2 | 3,479 | 9 | 3,910 | 36 | -- | -- |
| Abdomen/Thorax | 10,318 | 0.3 | 3,838 | 0.1 | 4,223 | 11 | 2,257 | 21 | -- | -- |
| Open Wounds | 933,661 | 27 | 932,113 | 29 | 1,216 | 3 | 332 | 3 | -- | -- |
| Blood Vessel | 686 | <0.1 | 275 | <0.1 | 276 | 0.7 | 135 | 1 | -- | -- |
| Superficial/Contusion | 709,566 | 20 | 709,116 | 22 | 384 | 1 | 66 | 0.6 | -- | -- |
| Crushing | 14,005 | 0.4 | 12,330 | 0.4 | 1,593 | 4 | 82 | 0.8 | -- | -- |
| Other/Not Available | 672,949 | 19 | 362,976 | 11 | 1,750 | 4 | 522 | 5 | 307,701 | 100 |
| Mechanism of Injury^ | ||||||||||
| Fall | 1,144,049 | 33 | 1,099,604 | 35 | 12,922 | 32 | 2,216 | 20 | 29,307 | 10 |
| Cut | 238,514 | 7 | 235,239 | 7 | 1,387 | 3 | 267 | 2 | 1,621 | 0.5 |
| Firearm | 10,716 | 0.3 | 7,162 | 0.2 | 2,262 | 6 | 1,174 | 11 | 118 | <0.1 |
| Motor Vehicle Traffic | 236,190 | 7 | 194,838 | 6 | 7,884 | 20 | 3,989 | 37 | 29,479 | 10 |
| Pedal (Bike) | 90,853 | 3 | 87,279 | 3 | 1,813 | 5 | 339 | 3 | 1,422 | 0.5 |
| Pedestrian | 4,117 | 0.1 | 3,780 | 0.1 | 168 | 0.4 | 54 | 0.5 | 115 | <0.1 |
| Struck | 737,216 | 21 | 716,896 | 23 | 5,067 | 13 | 923 | 9 | 14,330 | 5 |
| Drowning | 4,290 | 0.1 | 702 | <0.1 | 26 | 0.1 | 10 | 0.1 | 3,552 | 1 |
| Machinery | 3,446 | 0.1 | 3,191 | 0.1 | 102 | 0.3 | 10 | 0.1 | 143 | <0.1 |
| Suffocation | 6,361 | 0.2 | 704 | <0.1 | 20 | 0.1 | 24 | 0.2 | 5,613 | 2 |
| Other Transportation | 42,350 | 1 | 38,422 | 1 | 2,301 | 6 | 528 | 5 | 1,099 | 0.4 |
| Other/Not Available | 1,027,860 | 29 | 799,228 | 25 | 6,100 | 15 | 1,399 | 13 | 221,133 | 72 |
| Intent of Injury | ||||||||||
| Unintentional | 3,093,655 | 88 | 2,796,890 | 88 | 32,162 | 81 | 8,185 | 76 | 256,418 | 83 |
| Intentional | 39,844 | 1 | 14,146 | 0.4 | 104 | 0.3 | 62 | 1 | 25,532 | 8 |
| Assault | 123,407 | 4 | 108,869 | 3 | 4,999 | 13 | 1,811 | 17 | 7,728 | 3 |
| Other/Not Available | 262,624 | 7 | 241,319 | 8 | 2,522 | 6 | 760 | 7 | 18,023 | 6 |
ISS = Injury Severity Score, ICD-9-CM = International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, E-code =external cause of injury code, HMO = Health Maintenance Organization.
†
Private insurance: commercial insurance, preferred provider organizations (PPO), automobile medical insurance, exclusive provider organizations, and health maintenance organizations (HMO). Public insurance: Medicare, Medicaid, federal or Title V programs. Other insurance: disability insurance, Veterans’ Affairs plan, and workers’ compensation health claims.
*
Annual Median Household income based on zip code of residence, using the 2004 Federal Poverty Line of $18,850 for a family of four.
^
Mechanism of injury categories are not mutually exclusive and may include classifiable external cause of injury codes (e-code) in any of the five fields