TABLE 3.
NORMALIZED BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID CYTOKINE LEVELS
| Normal Subjects |
Subjects with Asthma |
|||||
| Weight/Asthma Status | P Value | Lean (n = 17) | Overweight/Obese (n = 17) | Lean (n = 12) | Overweight/Obese (n = 20) | |
| BAL Biomarker | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | ||
| IFN-γ, pg/ml | O | 0.91 | 8.4 (4.1–17.3) | 3.31 (1.5–7.7) | 4.70 (2.0–10.7) | 10.2 (6.9–15.1) |
| A | 0.49 | |||||
| O–A | 0.02 | |||||
| IL-10, pg/ml | O | 0.63 | 2.36 (1.02–5.37) | 1.26 (0.59–2.75) | 2.52 (0.92–6.98) | 3.71 (2.47–5.57) |
| A | 0.04 | |||||
| O–A | 0.37 | |||||
| IL-5, pg/ml | O | 0.74 | 0.83 (0.4–1.9) | 0.49 (0.2–1.0) | 1.03 (0.5–2.2) | 1.60 (1.0–2.5) |
| A | 0.01 | |||||
| O–A | 0.43 | |||||
| TNF-α, pg/ml | O | 0.41 | 7.03 (2.2–10.9) | 4.56 (2.9–7.3) | 3.79 (2.0–7.1) | 9.82 (6.6–14.4) |
| A | 0.22 | |||||
| O–A | 0.03 | |||||
| MCP-1, pg/ml | O | 0.63 | 691.83 (467.7–1,023.3) | 724.43 (524.81–1,000) | 630.95 (363.1–1,096.5) | 616.59 (446.68–851.14) |
| A | 0.76 | |||||
| O–A | 0.89 | |||||
| VEGF, pg/ml | O | 0.05 | 1,000 (575.44–1,737.8) | 549.5 (371.53–812.83) | 1,122 (602.55–2,137.9) | 676.08 (416.87–1,122.1) |
| A | 0.57 | |||||
| O–A | 0.93 | |||||
| Leptin, pg/ml | O | 0.011 | 26.97 (13.19–40.76) | 49.32 (22.1–76.54) | 15.35 (5.91–24.79) | 142.45 (67.78–217.11) |
| A | 0.33 | |||||
| O–A | 0.33 | |||||
Definition of abbreviations: BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; CI = confidence interval; MCP-1 = monocyte chemotactic protein-1; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α; VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor.
Independent factors include weight (O), asthma (A), and the interaction term (O–A). Bold type represents statistical significance.