Figure 1. Variable levels of CCS-dependent and -independent activation of three Arabidopsis CSDs localized in different cellular compartments. Assuming that the total activity of each CSD in the WT is 100%, the fraction activated by AtCCS (CCS) is in green and that activated through the CCS-independent (CI) pathway is in orange. Solid arrows represent the activation that was demonstrated experimentally, and the dashed arrows indicate activation levels that were undetectable in our system.