Table 4.
Multivariate Analysis of Socio-Demographic variables and stigma with Depression and Quality of Life
|
Variables |
Stigma |
Depression |
Quality of Life |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | OR | 95% CI | P Value | |
|
Age | |||||||||
| < = 30 |
|
|
|
1.21 |
0.45–3.27 |
0.710 |
|
|
|
| 31–40 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
0.27–1.50 |
0.299 |
|
|
|
| > = 41 |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gender | |||||||||
| Male |
0.82 |
0.45–1.50 |
0.526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Education | |||||||||
| Non- literate |
2.33 |
1.20–4.51 |
0.012 |
|
|
|
2.01 |
0.92–4.39 |
0.080 |
| Primary/secondary |
2.25 |
1.21–4.20 |
0.011 |
|
|
|
1.33 |
0.60–2.95 |
0.477 |
| High School & above |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Marital Status | |||||||||
| Unmarried |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Married |
1.34 |
0.66–2.74 |
0.417 |
5.79 |
1.81–18.54 |
0.003 |
0.72 |
0.33–1.59 |
0.419 |
| Sep/Widowed/Divorce |
1.30 |
0.58–2.90 |
0.529 |
1.98 |
0.56–6.93 |
0.287 |
0.85 |
0.39–1.87 |
0.685 |
|
Occupation | |||||||||
| Casual Labourer |
1.48 |
0.77–2.82 |
0.237 |
|
|
|
2.99 |
1.37–6.51 |
0.006 |
| Agriculture |
1.99 |
0.82–4.84 |
0.125 |
|
|
|
1.36 |
0.47–3.95 |
0.572 |
| Skilled and semiskilled |
1.57 |
0.79–3.18 |
0.207 |
|
|
|
1.52 |
0.64–3.66 |
0.344 |
| Sex work |
0.74 |
0.27–2.01 |
0.555 |
|
|
|
2.66 |
0.88–8.03 |
0.083 |
| Others |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Income | |||||||||
| < = 2000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.53 |
1.02–6.23 |
0.044 |
| 2000–3000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.67 |
0.77–3.65 |
0.194 |
| 3001 + |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Alcohol | |||||||||
| Every day or 2-3 times in a week |
0.40 |
0.13–1.24 |
0.112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| At least once in week |
0.74 |
0.28–1.93 |
0.535 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Did not drink in the last 4 week |
0.51 |
0.24–1.06 |
0.072 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Never |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Access to Care: ART centers | |||||||||
| Yes |
2.25 |
1.24–4.10 |
0.008 |
0.94 |
0.44–2.03 |
0.884 |
2.17 |
1.13–4.15 |
0.019 |
| No |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Drop in Centers | |||||||||
| Yes |
1.47 |
0.83–2.61 |
0.182 |
0.59 |
0.26–1.38 |
0.225 |
0.90 |
0.46–1.77 |
0.760 |
| No |
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Comprehensive continuum of HIV care | |||||||||
| Yes |
0.81 |
0.44–1.48 |
0.495 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disclosure concerns | |||||||||
| No/Moderate |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Severe |
|
|
|
0.59 |
0.26–1.35 |
0.212 |
1.49 |
0.80–2.75 |
0.207 |
|
Self-Stigma | |||||||||
| No/Moderate |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Severe |
|
|
|
3.42 |
1.67–6.99 |
0.001 |
0.73 |
0.36–1.47 |
0.381 |
|
Negative stigma | |||||||||
| No/Moderate |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Severe |
|
|
|
2.07 |
1.02–4.18 |
0.042 |
0.53 |
0.26–1.07 |
0.075 |
|
Public Attitude | |||||||||
| No/Moderate |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
| Severe |
|
|
|
1.76 |
0.76–4.07 |
0.185 |
0.79 |
0.37–1.70 |
0.559 |
|
Depression | |||||||||
| Severe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.73 |
1.11–6.71 |
0.028 |
| Others |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
Member of any Association | |||||||||
| Yes |
0.77 |
0.46–1.28 |
0.311 |
1.00 |
|
|
1.81 |
0.96–3.41 |
0.067 |
| No |
1.00 |
|
|
4.10 |
1.90–9.10 |
0.001 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
Social Support | |||||||||
| Low |
1.92 |
0.94–3.90 |
0.071 |
1.81 |
0.73–4.49 |
0.199 |
12.12 |
4.30–34.11 |
0.001 |
| Moderate |
1.77 |
0.85–3.71 |
0.127 |
0.78 |
0.28–2.20 |
0.645 |
3.30 |
1.13–9.63 |
0.029 |
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||