Table 4.
Top ten of most harmful (side effects) management strategies (0 = no harm; 10 = maximum harm)
|
Side effects | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Order | Management strategy | N; Mean harm (0-10)(SD) * |
High harm (8-10) N (%) * |
| 1 |
Strong opioids |
133; 5.4 (3.6) |
49 (36.8) |
| 2 |
Local cold therapy |
367; 5.1 (4.1) |
148 (40.3) |
| 3 |
Anticonvulsants (Pregabalin, Gabapentin) |
198; 5.0 (3.7) |
69 (34.9) |
| 4 |
Tramadol |
365; 4.8 (3.6) |
110 (30.1) |
| 5 |
Transdermal opioids |
115; 4.7 (3.8) |
35 (30.4) |
| 6 |
Duloxetine |
192; 4.5 (3.7) |
56 (29.2) |
| 7 |
Amitriptyline |
598; 4.5 (3.5) |
157 (26.3) |
| 8 |
Tramadol combined with paracetamol |
82; 4.3(3.7) |
20 (24.4) |
| 9 |
Tilidine |
262; 4.3 (3.5) |
65 (24.8) |
| 10 | Whole body cold therapy | 244; 4.1 (4.2) | 79 (32.4) |
* Note: The discrepancies between the number of persons in the different rows are due to missing items.
The ratings of side effects of all management strategies are available on request.