Table 2.

Nontherapeutic applications of aptamers^†

Use	Target	Comment	References
In vivo imaging	Cancer cell	Activatable probe	Shi et al. (2011)
Delivery	PSMA	siRNA conjugate	Dassie et al. (2009)
	gp120	siRNA conjugate	Zhou et al. (2009)
	E-selectin	Liposome conjugate	Mann et al. (2011)
	PSMA	Nanoparticle	Farokhzad et al. (2006)
Cell detection/separation	Cancer cell	Microfluidic device	Xu et al. (2009)
	Live virus	Virus sensor	Labib et al. (2012)
	Cy3	mRNA detection in live cells	Endo & Nakamura (2010)
Somamer	813 proteins	Disease diagnostic	Ostroff et al. (2010) and Gold et al. (2010)
Aptasensor	K+	Beacon/FRET	Kim et al. (2012)
	AMP	Electrochemical with [Ru(NH3)6]3+	Shen et al. (2007)
	Thrombin	Electrochemical with Methylene blue	Xiao et al. (2005)
	IFN-γ	Electrochemical with DNAzyme	Zhang et al. (2012)
	IgE	Quartz crystal microbalance	Yao et al. (2010)
	Rabbit IgG	Immuno-aptamer PCR	Yoshida et al. (2009)
Chromatography	l-selectin	Purification of l-selectin	Romig et al. (1999)
	Human IgG-Fc	Therapeutic antibody, Fc-fusion protein	Miyakawa et al. (2008)

^†There are many other excellent works that cannot be listed in this table.