Table 2.
Chemical composition of D. muricatus volatile fractions extracted by HS-SPME
| |
|
|
|
|
Separated organse |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N° | Componentsa | lRIab | RIac | Aerial parts | Stems | Leaves | Flowers | Umbels | Roots |
| 1a |
Heptane |
700 |
700 |
2.6 ± 0.07 |
7.9 ± 0.28 |
1.3 ± 0.11 |
1.1 ± 0.15 |
0.3 ± 0.04 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 1b |
3-Methyl butanol |
709 |
705 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 1c |
3-Methyl-pentan-2-ol |
754 |
760 |
0.4 ± 0.14 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.5 ± 0.09 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
| 1d |
Hexanal |
780 |
771 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.06 |
1.4 ± 0.07 |
| 1 |
Nonane |
900 |
898 |
0.5 ± 0.07 |
0.5 ± 0.02 |
1.1 ± 0.22 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 1e |
Artemisiatriene |
923 |
921 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
- |
- |
0.3 ± 0.06 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 2 |
α-Thujene |
932 |
923 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.5 ± 0.04 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 3 |
α-Pinene |
936 |
931 |
13.2 ± 0.74 |
8.1 ± 0.36 |
16.1 ± 0.89 |
13.1 ± 0.97 |
15.5 ± 1.1 |
8.7 ± 0.14 |
| 4 |
Camphene |
950 |
944 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.08 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
| 5a |
Butyl butyrate |
970 |
966 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 6 |
Sabinene |
973 |
967 |
2.9 ± 0.21 |
1.4 ± 0.14 |
2.3 ± 0.45 |
6.5 ± 0.33 |
1.5 ± 0.46 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
| 7 |
β-Pinene |
978 |
970 |
0.9 ± 0.06 |
0.7 ± 0.02 |
1.2 ± 0.56 |
1.1 ± 0.51 |
1.1 ± 0.13 |
1.6 ± 0.21 |
| 8 |
Myrcene |
987 |
980 |
2.9 ± 0.13 |
1.5 ± 0.14 |
3.2 ± 0.21 |
2.9 ± 0.12 |
3.9 ± 0.66 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 8a |
Yomogi alcohol |
991 |
981 |
0.4 ± 0.07 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.05 |
- |
| 9 |
α-Phellandrene |
1002 |
997 |
1.5 ± 0.13 |
- |
3.1 ± 0.16 |
2 ± 0.29 |
1.1 ± 0.29 |
- |
| 9a |
3-Carene |
1010 |
1005 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
| 10 |
α-Terpinene |
1013 |
1008 |
0.8 ± 0.06 |
- |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
2.8 ± 0.22 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 11 |
p-Cymene |
1015 |
1012 |
3.2 ± 0.32 |
3.4 ± 0.12 |
3.1 ± 0.51 |
3.4 ± 0.51 |
3.2 ± 0.11 |
9.1 ± 0.76 |
| 12 |
Limonene |
1025 |
1022 |
22.4 ± 1.28 |
13.3 ± 0.56 |
30.6 ± 0.99 |
19.1 ± 0.77 |
28.1 ± 0.82 |
6.9 ± 0.35 |
| 13 |
(Z)-β-Ocimene |
1029 |
1025 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
| 13a |
(E)-β-Ocimene |
1041 |
1031 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.02 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
| 14 |
γ-Terpinene |
1051 |
1049 |
3.2 ± 0.09 |
4.1 ± 0.54 |
2.5 ± 0.22 |
5.1 ± 0.55 |
1.3 ± 0.35 |
1.2 ± 0.01 |
| 14a |
Octanol |
1063 |
1052 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.6 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.08 |
0.3 ± 0.05 |
- |
| 16 |
Nonan-2-one |
1070 |
1073 |
0.6 ± 0.07 |
0.7 ± 0.02 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.6 ± 0.08 |
0.6 ± 0.09 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 17 |
p-Cymenene |
1075 |
1077 |
0.3 ± 0.06 |
- |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.06 |
0.7 ± 0.03 |
3.1 ± 0.13 |
| 18 |
Terpinolene |
1082 |
1079 |
0.7 ± 0.06 |
0.6 ± 0.01 |
0.9 ± 0.07 |
1.3 ± 0.23 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
10.2 ± 0.86 |
| 19 |
Linalool |
1083 |
1085 |
1.4 ± 0.08 |
3.2 ± 0.28 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
1.1 ± 0.29 |
0.9 ± 0.1 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 19a |
α-Thujone |
1089 |
1086 |
0.5 ± 0.04 |
1.8 ± 0.09 |
tr |
0.5 ± 0.02 |
0.4 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 20 |
Undecane |
1100 |
1100 |
8.9 ± 0.76 |
16.9 ± 0.89 |
6.1 ± 0.38 |
3.6 ± 0.14 |
7.4 ± 0.69 |
7.2 ± 0.26 |
| 20a |
3-Octyl acetate |
1113 |
1103 |
1.8 ± 0.12 |
0.7 ± 0.06 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 21a |
Camphor |
1123 |
1119 |
1.1 ± 0.07 |
2.9 ± 0.16 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
0.6 ± 0.06 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
| 22 |
trans-Pinocarveol |
1126 |
1120 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.02 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.6 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 22a |
Citronellal |
1129 |
1130 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.05 |
- |
| 22b |
cis-Verbenol |
1132 |
1132 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 24 |
Pinocarvone |
1137 |
1135 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.02 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
| 25 |
Borneol |
1150 |
1149 |
0.5 ± 0.08 |
0.9 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.04 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 26 |
Cryptone |
1160 |
1159 |
0.5 ± 0.06 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.5 ± 0.08 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.09 |
3.8 ± 0.11 |
| 27 |
Terpinene-4-ol |
1164 |
1160 |
1.4 ± 0.18 |
2.1 ± 0.43 |
0.9 ± 0.06 |
1.8 ± 0.36 |
1.1 ± 0.15 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 27a |
Myrtenal |
1172 |
1163 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.02 |
| 27b |
Estragole |
1175 |
1169 |
1.1 ± 0.09 |
1.1 ± 0.58 |
1.3 ± 0.29 |
1.7 ± 0.12 |
0.6 ± 0.08 |
- |
| 29 |
α-Terpineol |
1176 |
1177 |
0.4 ± 0.05 |
0.5 ± 0.04 |
0.4 ± 0.08 |
0.4 ± 0.03 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 29a |
Verbenone |
1184 |
1178 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 31 |
Decanal |
1188 |
1185 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 33 |
Citronellol |
1213 |
1211 |
1.1 ± 0.14 |
1.1 ± 0.22 |
1.1 ± 0.33 |
0.9 ± 0.06 |
1.5 ± 0.23 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 34 |
Carvone |
1214 |
1215 |
0.7 ± 0.07 |
1.1 ± 0.09 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.6 ± 0.04 |
0.6 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 35 |
Pulegone |
1215 |
1216 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.8 ± 0.02 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 37 |
Geraniol |
1235 |
1235 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.8 ± 0.05 |
| 38 |
trans-Myrtanol |
1240 |
1236 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 38a |
Geranial |
1244 |
1239 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
- |
| 39 |
cis-Chrysanthenyl acetate |
1253 |
1242 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 42 |
Bornyl acetate |
1270 |
1266 |
0.6 ± 0.05 |
1.2 ± 0.11 |
0.4 ± 0.05 |
0.5 ± 0.06 |
0.6 ± 0.04 |
9.7 ± 0.55 |
| 43 |
Undecan-2-one |
1273 |
1270 |
0.6 ± 0.08 |
0.8 ± 0.04 |
0.6 ± 0.08 |
0.4 ± 0.03 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
| 44 |
trans-Sabinyl acetate |
1278 |
1271 |
5.1 ± 0.47 |
3.8 ± 0.26 |
2.6 ± 0.12 |
3.5 ± 0.38 |
9.6 ± 0.53 |
|
| 47a |
Neryl acetate |
1342 |
1335 |
2.0 ± 0.31 |
2.4 ± 0.36 |
3.4 ± 0.65 |
1.3 ± 0.35 |
0.9 ± 0.1 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
| 48 |
δ-Elemene |
1340 |
1337 |
0.3 ± 0.02 |
0.7 ± 0.06 |
0.3 ± 0.05 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 49 |
Geranyl acetate |
1362 |
1360 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
tr |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 50 |
Undecanol |
1363 |
1365 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
1.9 ± 0.01 |
| 51 |
α-Copaene |
1379 |
1377 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
1.1 ± 0.12 |
0.4 ± 0.02 |
0.6 ± 0.03 |
0.9 ± 0.08 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
| 51a |
Daucene |
1380 |
1379 |
0.5 ± 0.02 |
0.9 ± 0.08 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.06 |
| 54 |
Dodecanal |
1389 |
1395 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
1.3 ± 0.01 |
| 54a |
Tetradecane |
1400 |
1399 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
- |
| 56 |
trans-Caryophyllene |
1424 |
1422 |
2.3 ± 0.23 |
1.4 ± 0.13 |
3.1 ± 0.25 |
3.8 ± 0.26 |
1.2 ± 0.15 |
1.9 ± 0.18 |
| 58 |
β-Copaene |
1430 |
1430 |
0.3 ± 0.02 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.6 ± 0.05 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
| 59 |
α-Humulene |
1455 |
1450 |
0.4 ± 0.05 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.9 ± 0.08 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
| 61 |
Dodecanol |
1472 |
1468 |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
3.4 ± 0.28 |
| 62 |
γ-Muurolene |
1473 |
1471 |
1.3 ± 0.13 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.6 ± 0.01 |
1.5 ± 0.42 |
1.9 ± 0.21 |
4.3 ± 0.16 |
| 63 |
Germacrene D |
1479 |
1476 |
0.4 ± 0.04 |
0.5 ± 0.06 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.02 |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
| 64 |
trans-β-Bergamotene |
1480 |
1475 |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
0.5 ± 0.03 |
| 65 |
6-epi-Shyobunone |
1481 |
1480 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
- |
| 65a |
β-Selinene |
1486 |
1481 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.02 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.03 |
0.5 ± 0.02 |
| 69 |
Shyobunone |
1500 |
1501 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
tr |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
| 70 |
δ-Cadinene |
1520 |
1515 |
0.6 ± 0.04 |
0.5 ± 0.01 |
0.3 ± 0.04 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
1.3 ± 0.16 |
0.9 ± 0.07 |
| 71 |
(E)-α-Bisabolene |
1531 |
1526 |
1.1 ± 0.31 |
0.5 ± 0.02 |
1.4 ± 0.12 |
0.9 ± 0.1 |
1 ± 0.45 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
| 72 |
Isochavicol isobutyrate |
1541 |
1538 |
0.3 ± 0.05 |
tr |
0.3 ± 0.01 |
0.9 ± 0.06 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.1 |
| 76 |
Caryophyllene oxide |
1578 |
1582 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
- |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.4 ± 0.01 |
0.1 ± 0.01 |
0.7 ± 0.01 |
| 77 |
Tridecanol |
1580 |
1586 |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
tr |
1.1 ± 0.07 |
| 87 |
Eudesma-4(15),7-dien-1β-ol |
1671 |
1672 |
tr |
- |
tr |
tr |
tr |
0.6 ± 0.01 |
| 89 |
Heptadecane |
1700 |
1699 |
0.4 ± 0.13 |
- |
1.3 ± 0.65 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
0.2 ± 0.01 |
- |
| |
Total identification (%) |
|
|
97.8 |
95.4 |
99.1 |
94.3 |
97.6 |
90.6 |
| |
GC-FID Total area 105 |
|
|
103 |
22 |
154 |
108 |
107 |
68 |
| |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons |
|
|
52.9 |
33.6 |
64.1 |
59.3 |
57.8 |
42.8 |
| |
Oxygenated monoterpenes |
|
|
20.6 |
25.6 |
14.4 |
16 |
20.5 |
17.6 |
| |
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons |
|
|
8.1 |
5.8 |
7.2 |
8.7 |
7.2 |
10.4 |
| |
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes |
|
|
0.4 |
- |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
2.0 |
| |
Phenylpropanoids |
|
|
0.3 |
- |
0.3 |
0.9 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
| Non-terpenic compounds | 15.5 | 30.4 | 12.8 | 8.7 | 11.6 | 17.7 | |||
a Order of elution is given on apolar column (Rtx-1). Numbers correspond to those in Table 1. The volatile components identified exclusively from the HS-fractions were affected by a letter, b Retention indices of literature on the apolar column (lRIa) reported from König et al., 2001., c Retention indices on the apolar Rtx-1 column (RIa), d Percentages (means of three analyses) obtained by GC-FID (on RTX-1: apolar column) under optimized HS-SPME parameters: temperature: 70°C, equilibrium time: 120 min; extraction time: 30 min.