Table 2.
Odds ratios showing the association between mothers’ education and child stunting based on univariable analysis
| Factor | Category | Odds ratio | 95 % Conf. Interval | p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Child’s Sex |
Female (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Male |
1.520 |
(1.353 1.710) |
0.000 |
|
|
Slum |
Viwandani (ref.) |
|
|
|
| Korogocho |
1.157 |
(1.029 1.299) |
0.014 |
|
|
Mother’s Education |
Secondary + (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Primary and below |
1.281 |
(1.096 1.498) |
0.002 |
|
|
Mother's age |
15-19 (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| 20-24 |
1.010 |
(0.806 1.265) |
0.931 |
|
| 25-29 |
1.099 |
(0.874 1.383) |
0.419 |
|
| 30-34 |
1.132 |
(0.873 1.467) |
0.349 |
|
| 35 > |
1.261 |
(0.949 1.677) |
0.11 |
|
|
Mother’s Marital status |
Currently in union (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Ever in union |
1.536 |
(1.242 1.988) |
0.000 |
|
| Never married |
1.335 |
(1.094 1.628) |
0.004 |
|
|
Pregnancy Intentions |
Wanted now (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Wanted later |
1.420 |
(1.252 1.611) |
0.000 |
|
| Not at all |
1.348 |
(1.124 1.616) |
0.001 |
|
|
Ante natal Visits |
Above 4 (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Less than 4 |
1.008 |
(0.893 1.138) |
0.894 |
|
|
Place of delivery |
Health Facility (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| TBA & Home |
1.343 |
(1.177 1.532) |
0.000 |
|
| Others |
0.894 |
(0.621 1.287) |
0.547 |
|
|
Mother’s Parity |
One birth (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| 2 births |
1.299 |
(1.118 1.509) |
0.001 |
|
| 3 and above |
1.406 |
(1.225 1.615) |
0.000 |
|
|
Child’s birth weight |
Above 2500 (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Less than 2500 |
2.848 |
(2.148 3.777) |
0.000 |
|
|
Knowledge when to introduce other foods |
Yes (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| No |
1.131 |
(0.999 1.281) |
0.054 |
|
|
Social Economic Status |
Lowest (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| Middle |
1.022 |
(0.924 1.131) |
0.674 |
|
| Highest |
0.843 |
(0.765 0.928) |
0.000 |
|
|
Mother’s Ethnicity |
Kikuyu (ref.) |
- |
|
|
| |
Luhya |
0.938 |
(0.845 1.041) |
0.229 |
| |
Luo |
0.927 |
(0.837 1.026) |
0.144 |
| |
Kamba |
0.996 |
(0.901 1.100) |
0.934 |
| Others | 0.818 | (0.735 0.910) | 0.000 |