Fig. 1.

Monocyte activation markers in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and congenital agammaglobulinaemia. (a) Serum levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14). Each dot represents one individual, with bars indicating mean values. Open circles refer to healthy individuals, solid circles to CVID patients, and grey squares to congenital agammaglobulinaemia (Agamma) patients. (b) Illustrative flow cytometric analysis of monocyte subsets according to CD14 and CD16 expression levels in representative CVID (right panel) and healthy (left panel) individuals. (c) Frequency and absolute counts of monocyte subsets as defined in (b). (d) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR), CD86 and programmed death-1 molecule ligand 1 (PD-L1) within total monocytes. Healthy individuals are represented in open bars, CVID patients in solid bars and congenital agammaglobulinaemia patients in grey bars. Bars indicate mean ± standard error of the mean. P-values of statistically significant differences are shown.