Figure 1.

Two eccentric ergometers. As the pedals move toward the participant (to the right in these figures) resistance is applied to the pedals from approximately 20° to 60° of knee flexion in a closed kinetic-chain fashion. Because the magnitude of force produced by the motor exceeds that produced by the participant, the knee and hip extensors act eccentrically, creating negative work. (Reprinted from Marcus RL, Smith S, Morrell G, et al. Comparison of combined aerobic and high-force eccentric resistance exercise with aerobic exercise only for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physical Therapy. 2008;88(11):1345-1354, with permission of the American Physical Therapy Association. This material is copyrighted, and any further reproduction or distribution is prohibited.)