Table 1.
Reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS).
| Author, Year | Reliability Assessment | Population | Coefficient |
|---|---|---|---|
| Broglio,4 2009 | Test-retest | 48 young adults (mean = 20.4 years) | |
| Generalizability (G) | Total BESS errors | G = 0.64 | |
| Men (n = 25) | G = 0.92 | ||
| Women (n = 23) | G = 0.91 | ||
| Total BESS: 3 administrations | |||
| Men | G = 0.81-0.89 | ||
| Women | G = 0.79-0.87 | ||
| Erkmen,10 2009 | Intratester | 19 recreationally active young adults (18-26 years old) | 0.92 |
| Finnoff,12 2009 | Intertester | 30 athletes | |
| Intratester | Intratester total score | 0.74 | |
| Intratester stances | 0.50-0.88a | ||
| Intertester total score | 0.57 | ||
| Intertester stances | 0.44-0.83a | ||
| Hunt,18 2009 | Intratester | High school football players | 0.60 |
| McLeod,25 2009 | Intratester | Described as part of pilot testing and no demographics reported | 0.90 |
| Intertester | 0.85 | ||
| Riemann,33 1999 | Intertester | 18 Division I athletes | 0.78-0.96a,b |
| Susco,36 2004 | Intratester | 36 recreationally active college students | 0.63-0.82c |
| Valovich-McLeod,40 2004 | Intratester | 20 youth athletes (9-14 years of age) | 0.87-0.98a,d |
| Valovich-McLeod,39 2006 | Test-retest | 49 youth athletes (9-14 years of age) | |
| Total BESS Errors | 0.70e | ||
| Males (n = 23) | 0.75 | ||
| Females (n = 26) | 0.61 | ||
| Younger (n = 21) | 0.56 | ||
| Older (n = 28) | 0.68 |
a
Range for all stances except double-leg firm.
b
SEM (errors) = 0.04-0.56.
c
SEM (errors) = 0.62-0.93.
d
SEM (errors) = 0.28-0.77.
e
SEM (errors) = 3.3 (values for subgroups not reported).