Table 4.

Multivariable-adjusted associations between NSAID use and lung cancer death, stratified on lung cancer histologic type (n=785).

NSAID	10-year Use			P-trend
	Non-user	Low (<4d/wk or <4y)	High (≥4d/wk and ≥4y)
Regular-strength NSAIDsb
Small cell lung cancer (n=111)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	36/8	20/4	23/6
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	2.27 (0.82–6.29)	3.33 (1.05–10.52)	0.03
Adenocarcinoma (n=275)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	77/56	46/36	22/15
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.93 (1.21–3.08)	0.80 (0.42–1.52)	0.78
Squamous cell carcinoma (n=133)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	38/29	16/7	18/18
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.61 (0.19–1.91)	0.88 (0.30–2.58)	0.65
Non-small cell lung cancer, not otherwise specified (n=173)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	64/21	34/6	28/4
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.22 (0.68–2.22)	1.24 (0.69–2.23) P-interaction = 0.89	0.42
Regular-strength aspirin
Small cell lung cancer (n=111)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	53/12	13/2	19/5
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	2.90 (1.06–7.97)	4.13 (1.28–13.30)	<0.01
Adenocarcinoma (n=275)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	111/88	24/14	17/12
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.85 (0.97–3.51)	0.73 (0.35–1.54)	0.89
Squamous cell carcinoma (n=133)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	51/34	11/6	13/14
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.51 (0.13–1.95)	0.62 (0.19–2.07)	0.37
Non-small cell lung cancer, not otherwise specified (n=173)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	93/26	15/5	24/2
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.86 (0.38–1.90)	0.94 (0.51–1.76) P-interaction = 0.93	0.80
Non-aspirin NSAIDsc
Small cell lung cancer (n=111)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	57/13	19/4	6/1
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.87 (0.26–2.87)	3.24 (0.49–21.57)	0.42
Adenocarcinoma (n=275)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	106/74	38/31	5/3
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.35 (0.81–2.23)	0.75 (0.24–2.31)	0.64
Squamous cell carcinoma (n=133)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	54/44	11/6	8/5
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.81 (0.24–2.69)	1.42 (0.39–5.19)	0.75
Non-small cell lung cancer, not otherwise specified (n=173)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	93/29	25/2	10/2
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.40 (0.74–2.63)	2.00 (0.77–5.17) P-interaction = 0.65	0.10
Low-dose aspirin
Small cell lung cancer (n=111)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	53/11	14/3	17/4
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.01 (0.33–3.04)	1.23 (0.47–3.22)	0.68
Adenocarcinoma (n=275)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	97/68	27/29	25/13
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.64 (0.35–1.17)	1.08 (0.61–1.93)	0.70
Squamous cell carcinoma (n=133)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	51/34	8/7	13/9
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	0.20 (0.05–0.84)	3.69 (1.04–13.17)	0.34
Non-small cell lung cancer, not otherwise specified (n=173)
Lung cancer deaths, n, Yes/No	84/17	21/7	21/8
HR (95% CI) for lung cancer deatha	1.00 (reference)	1.08 (0.53–2.19)	0.45 (0.23–0.85) P-interaction = 0.33	0.03

Abbreviations: NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval

^aAdjusted for age at diagnosis, sex, race, pack-years of smoking, self-perceived health, fruit and vegetable consumption, chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease, family history of lung cancer, ulcer, migraine or chronic headaches, osteoarthritis or chronic joint pain, rheumatoid arthritis, coronary artery disease, stage at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, surgical treatment, lymph node resection, radiation, chemotherapy, and other NSAIDs

^bIncludes regular-strength aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and COX-2 inhibitors

^cIncludes ibuprofen, naproxen, and COX-2 inhibitors