Table 2.
Actigraphy Validation Studies Compared to Polysomnography (6), Direct Observation (2), or Videosomnography (1) that Report Sensitivity and Specificity
| N | Age(s) | Standard | Sensitivity | Specificity | Brand | Placement | Software | Epoch | Algorithm | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hyde et al. (2007) | 45 | 1–12 y | PSG | 96.5 | 39.4 | AW-64 | NDW | AW 3.3 | 30 s | low |
| 93.9 | 59.0 | medium | ||||||||
| 91.1 | 68.9 | high | ||||||||
| 97.7 | 39.4 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Insana et al. (2010) | 22 | 14 m | PSG | 92.4 | 58.9 | AW-64 | ankle | AW 5.5 | 15 s | medium |
|
| ||||||||||
| O’Driscoll et al. (2010) | 130 | 2–18 y | PSG: AI(>10/h) | 82.2 | 50.9 | AW-64: FI | NDW | AW 3.3 | 30 s | auto |
| PSG: OAHI(>1/h) | 12.8 | 97.6 | AW-64: FI | |||||||
| PSG: AI(>10/h) | 78.1 | 52.6 | AW-64: WB | |||||||
| PSG: OAHI(>1/h) | 14.9 | 98.8 | AW-64: WB | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Sadeh et al. (1991) | 11 | 12–48 m | PSG | 87.7 | 76.9 | AMI | left leg | AMI | 1 m | Sadeh |
|
| ||||||||||
| Sadeh et al. (1994) | 16 | 10–16 y | PSG | 95.0 | 74.5 | AMI-32 | NDW | AMI | 1 m | n/a |
|
| ||||||||||
| Sadeh et al. (1995) | 10 | Newborn | Direct observation | 74.9 | 82.8 | AMI-32 | left ankle | AMI | 1 m | ** |
| 11 | 3 m | 87.3 | 92.5 | |||||||
| 10 | 6 m | 83.2 | 97.8 | |||||||
| 10 | 12 m | 99.3 | n/a | |||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Sitnick et al. (2008) | 58 | 28–73 m | videosomnography | 97.0 | 24.0 | AW-64 | ND ankle | AW | 1 m | medium |
|
| ||||||||||
| So et al. (2005) | 8 | 2–4 wk | PSG | 96.2 | 54.6 | AW-64 | R leg | AW 3.3 | 1 m | low |
| 90.1 | 62.9 | med | ||||||||
| 80.6 | 82.6 | high | ||||||||
| 93.6 | 55.9 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 13 | 5–6 m | 88.6 | 76.3 | low | ||||||
| 78.6 | 87.6 | med | ||||||||
| 67.6 | 93.4 | high | ||||||||
| 91.2 | 69.9 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 11 | 2–4 m | 94.0 | 38.5 | low | ||||||
| 87.5 | 63.5 | med | ||||||||
| 79.8 | 61.7 | high | ||||||||
| 93.9 | 30.7 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Sung et al. (2009) | 8 | 30–33 wga | direct observation | 88.2 | 33.6 | AW-64 | R leg | AW 3.3 | 1 m | low |
| 77.5 | 46.3 | med | ||||||||
| 66.0 | 57.5 | high | ||||||||
| 83.7 | 40.4 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 20 | 34–36 wga | 93.3 | 31.5 | low | ||||||
| 86.0 | 45.9 | med | ||||||||
| 76.6 | 61.0 | high | ||||||||
| 90.8 | 39.0 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| 10 | 37–40 wga | 96.8 | 31.8 | low | ||||||
| 92.9 | 46.8 | med | ||||||||
| 88.7 | 55.0 | high | ||||||||
| 96.7 | 32.3 | auto | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Tilmanne et al. (2009)* | 354 | <1 year | PSG | 81.3 | 61.2 | Healthdyne | Ankle | Not provided | 30 s | Sadeh |
| 87.1 | 53.1 | Sazonov | ||||||||
Notes. wga=weeks, gestational age, PSG=Polysomnography, AI=arousal index, OAHI=obstructive apnea/hypopnea index, AW-64=Philips, Respironics (Mini Mitter) Actiwatch 64, AMI=Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc., FI=fragmentation index, WB=wake bouts/hour, NDW=non-dominant wrist, s=seconds, m=minutes
*
These were the default settings. Tilmanne et al. also evaluated optimized and extended performances, as well as novel algorithms
**
Novel algorithm calibrated on the 3-month infant data