Table 3.
Novel biomarker | Potential application in CRPC |
---|---|
Ras/raf mutations | Potential benefit with ras pathway inhibitors (ie, sorafenib, vemurafenib) |
Tubulin mutations | Selection of microtubule-based therapies (docetaxel, cabazitaxel) |
Absence of significant pain | Selection for sipuleucel-T therapy on label |
Androgen receptor splice variants | Predict sensitivity to novel antiandrogens |
CTCs | Potential surrogate for overall survival (context dependent) |
Cardiac comorbidity | Predict for risk/toxicity with antiangiogenic agents |
c-met/HGF activity | Enrich for benefit with c-met inhibitors |
Androgen synthesis precursor levels | Predict for benefit from androgen synthesis inhibitors (abiraterone acetate) |
PTEN loss in CTCs or metastases | Enrich for benefit with PI3 kinase pathway inhibitors |
DNA repair defects (ie, BRCA2 mutations, PTEN loss) | Enrich for benefit with poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors |
Myc amplification | Cell-cycle inhibitors (antiproliferation agents) |
High urine N-telopeptide, TRAP-5b, or other bone turnover markers | Benefit with denosumab or zoledronic acid |
CRPC = castration-resistant prostate cancer; CTC = circulating tumor cells; HGF = hepatocyte growth factor; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homologue; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; TRAP = tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.