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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Child Lang. 2012 May 10;40(3):672–686. doi: 10.1017/S0305000912000141

TABLE 1. The distribution of single-speaker and multi-speaker families by ethnicity and income.

Child group Yearly
household
income
Family ethnicity
Totalc
African American Caucasian Otherb
Single-speaker Below $50,000 2 2 2 6
 families Above $50,000 0 6 1 7
Multi-speaker Below $50,000 3 1 1 5
 families Above $50,000 1 7 1 9
Totald 6 (22%) 16 (59%) 5 (19%) 27a
a

One single-speaker family and one multi-speaker family with incomes below $50,000 did not report ethnicity. These families were excluded from this table.

b

The ‘Other’ category included Asian and Hispanic families, along with one family of mixed ethnicity.

c

The relative proportion of single-speaker and multi-speaker families in low- versus high-income groups was roughly equal : the majority of single-speaker (54%) and multi-speaker (64%) families had high income.

d

The relative proportion of single-speaker and multi-speaker families within each ethnicity was roughly equal: the majority of the single-speaker (62%) and multi-speaker (57%) families were Caucasian.

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