Table 1.
Participant Characteristicsa
| All participants N = 50 | BIbN = 26 | TTGcN = 24 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Age, years (mean [sdd]) | 53.8 [16.4] | 51.0 [13.6] | 56.4 [19.0] | 0.25 |
| Asthma (vs. COPD) e | 20 (40) | 11 (42) | 9 (38) | 0.92 |
| Female | 35 (68) | 18 (69) | 16 (67) | 0.85 |
| Non-white racef | 39 (78) | 22 (85) | 17 (71) | 0.31 |
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 49 (98) | 26 (100) | 23 (96) | 0.48 |
| Ever smoker | 34 (68) | 17 (52) | 17 (48) | 0.68 |
| Insufficient visiong | 25 (50) | 12 (46) | 13 (54) | 0.57 |
| Less-than adequate health literacyh | 6 (25) | 5 (36) | 1 (9) | 0.18 |
| Healthcare services | ||||
| Healthcare provider for asthma/COPD care | 45 (90) | 23 (89) | 22 (92) | 0.71 |
| Hospitalized in the last 12 months ( ≥1 time) | 29 (58) | 15 (58) | 14 (58) | 0.87 |
| Near-fatal respiratory eventi | 22 (44) | 11 (42) | 11 (46) | 0.80 |
| Previous Inhaler Usej | ||||
| MDI k | 50 (100) | 26 (100) | 24(100) | N/Al |
| Diskus® | 18 (36) | 10 (39) | 8 (33) | >0.99 |
| Lung Function m(mean [sd]) | ||||
| FEV1% predicted | 44.9 [16.7] | 44.1 [18.6] | 47.4 [9.5] | 0.71 |
aAll data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise indicated
bBI: Brief Intervention
cTTG Teach-To-Goal
dsd: standard deviation
eCOPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
fNonwhite: Black, American Indian, Alaska native, native Hawaiian or other Pacific Island
gInsufficient vision: worse than 20/50 vision in both eyes
hLess-than adequate health literacy: health literacy was assessed in 25 participants; BI (n = 14); TTG (n = 11); remaining subjects had insufficient vision to complete assessment; less-than adequate health literacy was defined as score of <23/36 on Short Test of Functional Health Literacy (STOFHLA)
iNear-fatal respiratory event: intensive care unit admission or intubation for asthma or COPD in their lifetime.
jParticipants were assessed for baseline technique if they had been prescribed an inhaler (MDI plus/minus Diskus®) prior to hospital admission
kMDI: Metered-dose Inhaler
lN/A: not applicable
mLung function: assessed in 21 participants; BI (n = 16); TTG (n = 5); for safety reasons, participants were eligible for spirometry if blood pressure was lower than 190/100 millimeters-mercury and could tolerate the procedure; FEV = Forced expiratory volume in one second