Table 1.

Description of Health Literacy and Cognitive Measures

Trait	Measure	Source	Description
Fluid
Health Literacy	TOFHLA	Parker et al.29	Read health-related text and fill in missing terms using multiple choice responses, perform health numeracy tasks.
	REALM	Davis et al.30	Correctly pronounce lists of health-related terms.
	NVS	Weiss et al.31	Review a nutrition label and demonstrate ability to make inference and perform basic calculations.
Processing Speed	Digit Comparison	Salthouse33	Compare strings of digits that are the same or different, completing as many trials as possible in a given time period.
	Pattern Comparison	Salthouse & Babcock34	Compare pairs of simple line drawings that are the same or different, completing as many trials in a given time period.
	Symbol Digit Modalities	WPS35	Match symbols to appropriate digits via a legend marking designated symbol-digit pairings, completing as many matches as possible in a given time period.
Working Memory	Spatial Span Length - Reverse	CANTAB36	Participants are shown differently sized sets of boxes highlighted in specific orders and then must indicate the reverse order in which each set of boxes were highlighted.
	Spatial Working Memory (SWM)	CANTAB	Find tokens hidden behind boxes while clicking as few boxes as possible, keeping track of which boxes have already been searched.
	Size Judgment Span	Cherry & Park37	Read lists of differing amounts of randomly ordered, size-constant items and reorder items from smallest to largest.
Inductive Reasoning	ETS Letter Sets	ETS38	Participants are shown series of sets of letters and must decide which set of letters in each series does not follow the same pattern as the other sets in that series.
	Ravens Progressive Matrices	Raven39	Participants are shown incomplete sets of patterns and must decide from multiple options which additional pattern would complete each set.
	Stockings of Cambridge (SOC)	CANTAB	Match one series of colored balls sitting in stockings to another, allowing for movement of only one ball at a time and aiming to match the sets in as few moves as possible.
Long-Term Memory	Immediate Verbal Memory	CANTAB	Participants are shown a list of words and immediately asked to freely recall as many of the words as possible.
	Delayed Verbal Memory	CANTAB	Freely recall as many words as possible from a previously read list after a delay of approximately 20 minutes.
	New York Paragraph	Kluger42	Read a short story and repeat back as much of the story as possible after an approximately 20 minute delay.
Prospective Memory	LitCog 3-Step Assessment	Wolf	Participants are asked at the beginning of interview to remember to complete three simple tasks throughout the interviews (writing down times of a break and interview end time, returning a visitor pass).
Crystallized
Verbal Ability	AM-NART	Grober40	Read aloud a list of general words and assess for correct pronunciation.
	Graded Naming Test (GNT)	CANTAB	Participants are shown a series of images depicting different objects and asked to identify each object.
	Shipley Institute of Living Scale	Shipley41	Participants must identify synonymous words via a multiple choice paradigm.