Table 4.
Association between immune marker levels at study baseline and B-NHL incidence, with cases classified according to lag time between blood draw and diagnosisa
| Controls | Cases, 0–2 years lag | Cases, 3–5 years lag | Cases, 6–8 years lag | Cases, 9–13 years lag | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | N | N | OR (95% CI) | p trend | N | OR (95% CI) | p trend | N | OR (95% CI) | p trend | N | OR (95% CI) | P trend |
| sCD23 (U/ml) | 490 | 91 | 2.69 (2.12–3.40)b | 158 | 1.99 (1.64–2.42)b | 142 | 1.78 (1.46–2.18)b | 95 | 1.58 (1.26–1.98)b | ||||
| <29.2 | 122 | 11 | Referent | 20 | Referent | 11 | Referent | 15 | Referent | ||||
| 29.2 to <51.8 | 123 | 15 | 1.3 (0.6–3.0) | 30 | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 29 | 2.6 (1.2–5.5) | 19 | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | ||||
| 51.8 to <75.0 | 122 | 13 | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 18 | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 27 | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) | 24 | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | ||||
| ≥75.0 | 123 | 52 | 4.6 (2.3–9.3) | <0.0001 | 90 | 4.6 (2.6–7.9) | <0.0001 | 75 | 6.8 (3.4–13.5) | <0.0001 | 37 | 2.5 (1.3–4.9) | 0.005 |
| sCD27 (U/ml) | 490 | 91 | 10.3 (5.88–18.2)b | 159 | 5.06 (3.09–8.26)b | 142 | 3.83 (2.29–6.41)b | 95 | 2.60 (1.40–4.83)b | ||||
| <177 | 122 | 7 | Referent | 17 | Referent | 14 | Referent | 12 | Referent | ||||
| 177 to <224 | 123 | 13 | 1.8 (0.7–4.8) | 31 | 1.9 (1.0–3.6) | 34 | 2.5 (1.3–4.8) | 24 | 2.1 (1.0–4.4) | ||||
| 224 to <275 | 122 | 22 | 3.1 (1.3–7.7) | 35 | 2.2 (1.2–4.2) | 25 | 1.9 (0.9–3.8) | 28 | 2.4 (1.1–5.0) | ||||
| ≥275 | 123 | 49 | 7.0 (3.0–16.3) | <0.0001 | 76 | 4.9 (2.7–9.0) | <0.0001 | 69 | 5.3 (2.8–10.1) | <0.0001 | 30 | 2.7 (1.3–5.6) | 0.56 |
| sCD30 (ng/ml) | 490 | 91 | 4.08 (2.70–6.16)b | 159 | 2.72 (1.90–3.91)b | 142 | 2.08 (1.42–3.06)b | 95 | 2.03 (1.28–3.21)b | ||||
| <24.1 | 122 | 13 | Referent | 19 | Referent | 25 | Referent | 15 | Referent | ||||
| 24.1 to <30.2 | 123 | 14 | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 29 | 1.7 (0.9–3.1) | 27 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 31 | 1.9 (1.0–3.7) | ||||
| 30.2 to <40.2 | 122 | 17 | 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 49 | 2.9 (1.6–5.3) | 29 | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 19 | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | ||||
| ≥40.2 | 123 | 47 | 3.6 (1.8–7.2) | <0.0001 | 62 | 3.7 (2.1–6.7) | 0.002 | 61 | 2.5 (1.5–4.4) | <0.0001 | 30 | 1.8 (0.9–3.5) | 0.40 |
| sCD44 (ng/ml) | 490 | 91 | 3.84 (1.74–8.46)b | 159 | 2.45 (1.26–4.76)b | 142 | 2.16 (1.08–4.29)b | 95 | 1.00 (0.43–2.30)b | ||||
| <326 | 122 | 13 | Referent | 23 | Referent | 25 | Referent | 23 | Referent | ||||
| 326 to <391 | 123 | 29 | 2.2 (1.1–4.4) | 42 | 1.8 (1.0–3.2) | 31 | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 37 | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) | ||||
| 391 to <469 | 122 | 21 | 1.6 (0.7–3.3) | 51 | 2.3 (1.3–4.0) | 43 | 1.7 (1.0–3.0) | 16 | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | ||||
| ≥469 | 123 | 28 | 2.0 (1.0–4.2) | 0.85 | 43 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | 0.40 | 43 | 1.7 (1.0–4.4) | 0.77 | 19 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.17 |
| CXCL13 (pg/ml) | 490 | 91 | 3.20 (2.32–4.41)b | 159 | 2.38 (1.76–3.20)b | 142 | 1.83 (1.32–2.53)b | 95 | 1.98 (1.38–2.85)b | ||||
| <41.8 | 122 | 6 | Referent | 21 | Referent | 24 | Referent | 16 | Referent | ||||
| 41.8 to <55.8 | 123 | 11 | 1.8 (0.6–5.0) | 37 | 1.7 (1.0–3.2) | 27 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 20 | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | ||||
| 55.8 to <75.4 | 122 | 27 | 4.5 (1.8–11.3) | 32 | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | 37 | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | 26 | 1.7 (0.8–3.3) | ||||
| ≥75.4 | 123 | 47 | 7.9 (3.3–19.3) | <0.0001 | 69 | 3.2 (1.8–5.6) | <0.0001 | 54 | 2.3 (1.3–3.9) | 0.003 | 33 | 2.0 (1.1–3.9) | 0.07 |
a
Adjusted for the matching factors (birth year, blood draw date, and study region).
b
OR for association with 1-unit in the immune marker on the natural log scale (i.e., with 2.72-fold increase on the untransformed scale).