Table 1.
Participant demographics by sleeping quality and sleeping duration
| |
All participants(n = 301) |
Good sleepers |
Poor sleepers |
Test statistic/ |
Long sleepers |
Short sleepers |
Test statistic/ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 67) | (n = 234) | P a | (n = 170) | (n = 131) | P a | ||
|
Age group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 60–69 years |
58 (19.3%) |
14 (20.9%) |
44 (18.8%) |
χ2(2) = 0.17/ |
37 (21.8%) |
21 (16.0%) |
χ2(2) = 1.65/ |
| 70–79 years |
135 (44.9%) |
29 (43.3%) |
106 (45.3%) |
0.92 |
75 (44.1%) |
60 (45.8%) |
0.44 |
| 80+ years |
108 (35.9%) |
24 (35.8%) |
84 (35.9%) |
|
58 (34.1%) |
50 (38.2%) |
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
47 (15.6%) |
17 (25.4%) |
30 (12.8%) |
χ2(1) = 6.23/ |
31 (18.2%) |
16 (12.2%) |
χ2(1) = 2.04/ |
| Female |
254 (84.4%) |
50 (74.6%) |
204 (87.2%) |
0.01 |
139 (81.8%) |
204 (87.8%) |
0.15 |
|
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Single/divorced/widowed |
197 (65.4%) |
39 (58.2%) |
158 (67.5%) |
χ2(1) = 2.00/ |
106 (62.4%) |
91 (69.5%) |
χ2(1) = 1.66/ |
| Married |
104 (34.6%) |
28 (41.8%) |
76 (32.5%) |
0.16 |
64 (37.6%) |
40 (30.5%) |
0.20 |
|
Education level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 0–6 years |
228 (75.7%) |
43 (64.2%) |
185 (79.1%) |
χ2(1) = 6.28/ |
119 (70.0%) |
109 (83.2%) |
χ2(1) = 7.02/ |
| 7+ years |
73 (24.3%) |
28 (35.8%) |
49 (20.9%) |
0.01 |
51 (30.0%) |
22 (16.8%) |
0.008 |
|
Occupational status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Full-/part-time |
7 (2.2%) |
2 (2.9%) |
5 (2%) |
χ2(1) = 0.17/ |
3 (1.8%) |
4 (3.1%) |
χ2(1) = 0.54/ |
| Retired/unemployed |
294 (97.7%) |
65 (97.0%) |
229 (97.9%) |
0.69 |
167 (98.2%) |
127 (96.9%) |
0.46 |
|
Living arrangement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Live alone |
112 (37.2%) |
20 (29.9%) |
92 (39.3%) |
χ2(1) = 2.00/ |
59 (34.7%) |
53 (40.5%) |
χ2(1) = 1.05/ |
| Live with others |
189 (62.8%) |
47 (70.1%) |
142 (60.7%) |
0.16 |
111 (65.3%) |
78 (59.5%) |
0.31 |
|
Financial status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Sufficient |
274 (91.0%) |
64 (95.4%) |
210 (89.7%) |
χ2(1) = 2.13/ |
159 (93.5%) |
115 (87.8%) |
χ2(1) = 2.99/ |
| Insufficient |
27 (9.0%) |
3 (4.5%) |
24 (10.3%) |
0.14 |
11 (6.5%) |
16 (12.2%) |
0.08 |
|
Perceived health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fair, good, or excellent |
230 (76.4%)71 (23.6%) |
60 (89.6%)7 (10.4%) |
170 (72.6%)64 (27.4%) |
χ2(1) = 8.26/ 0.004 |
140 (82.4%)30 (17.6%) |
90 (68.7%)41 (23.6%) |
χ2(1) = 7.65/ 0.006 |
| Poor or very poor |
71 (23.6%) |
7 (10.4%) |
64 (27.4%) |
0.004 |
30 (17.6%) |
41 (23.6%) |
0.006 |
|
Chronic illness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
237 (78.7%) |
50 (74.6%) |
187 (79.9%) |
χ2(1) = 0.87/ |
132 (77.6%) |
105 (80.2%) |
χ2(1) = 0.28/ |
| No |
64 (21.3%) |
17 (25.4%) |
47 (20.1%) |
0.35 |
38 (22.4%) |
26 (19.8%) |
0.60 |
|
Global PSQI score |
|
|
|
|
5.0 (3.25) |
11.0 (4.0) |
Z = 12.78/ ≤ 0.001 |
| Median (IQR) |
7.0 (5.5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Range |
0-20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sleep duration (hours per day) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Median (IQR) |
5.5 (1.0) |
7.0 (1.0) |
5.0 (2.0) |
Z = 9.39/ < 0.001 |
|
|
|
| Range | 1.5-9.5 |
PSQI: Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index.
a Differences between good sleepers and poor sleepers.
Good sleeper: global PSQI score < 5. Poor sleeper: global PSQI score ≥5.
Long sleeper: sleep duration ≥ 5.5 hours per day. Short sleeper: sleep duration <5.5 hours per day.