TABLE I.
Major Heritability Studies on Neuroimaging and Cognitive Phenotypes
| Author and Year | N | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroimaging | ||
| Goldman et al. [2009] | 503 | Risch-lambda analysis revealed widespread evidence for heritability of cortical thickness reduction throughout the brain in a schizophrenia sample |
| Chiang et al. [2009] | 92 | White matter integrity significantly heritable in bilateral frontal, bilateral parietal and left occipital lo be in a study of healthy identical and fraternal twins |
| Goldman et al. [2008] | 573 | Risch-lambda analysis detected significant evidence of heritability of reduced cortical volume and moderate evidence for hippocampal volume in schizophrenia families |
| Lenroot et al. [2007] | 600 | Statistically significant genetic effects in areas including the frontal pole, dorsolateral and orbital prefrontal cortices, prefrontal gyrus, angular and superior temporal gyri and the superior parietal region in healthy twins, twin siblings and singletons |
| Baare et al. [2001] | 258 | Structural equation modeling in twin pairs and singleton siblings revealed a statistically significant proportion of genetic variance in whole brain and gray and white matter volume |
| Cognitive | ||
| Aukes et al. [2008] | 180 | Heritability detected in sensorimotor gating, openness, verbal fluency, early visual perception and spatial working memory in 25 multiplex schizophrenia families |
| Giubilei et al. [2008] | 186 | Moderate to high heritability estimates in fluency, verbal memory and attention as well as genetic contribution of attention and praxic abilities in senior healthy twin pairs |
| Rommelse et al. [2008] | 826 | Significant correlations between ADHD and control sibling sets revealed that neuropsychological tests of motor inhibition, cognitive flexibility, time reproduction, and motor timing are heritable |
| Antila et al. [2007] | 110 | Significant additive heritabilities detected in verbal function, processing speed and executive functioning in families with bipolar disorder |
| Greenwood et al. [2007] | — | Significant heritability detected for domains including abstraction/flexibility, memory, spatial processing, dexterity, recognition and attention in 183 nuclear families with a schizophrenia proband. |
| Gur et al. [2007b] | 503 | Significant heritability estimates obtained for memory, spatial processing, emotional processing, abstraction/flexibility, attention and sensorimotor processing in multiplex schizophrenia families and healthy controls |
| Kremen et al. [2007] | 690 | Detected significant genetic variance for word recognition, working memory and reading span in a sample of 345 healthy male twin pairs |
While studies differ in terms of methods used to calculate heritable effects, significance is generally defined as P<0.05.