Table 2.
Nested case-control epigenetic studies in longitudinal cohorts: a summary of recent literature (2010 to 2012)
| Cohort | DNA analysis time points | Tissue | Form of DNA methylation analysis | Loci | Exposure (if applicable) |
Outcome (if applicable) |
n | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPIC & Breakthrough Generations Study & KConFab | 1 | Peripheral blood | Pyrosequencing | ATM, LINE-1 | Breast cancer | 1,381 | [112] | |
| EPIC-Lung | 1 | Peripheral blood | Pyrosequencing | CDKN2A RASSF1A, GSTP1, MTHFR, MGMT | B vitamins, smoking | Lung cancer | 93 | [18] |
| EPIC-Norfolk | 1 | Tumor tissue | Pyrosequencing | MLH1 | Colorectal cancer | 185 | [21] | |
| EPIC-EURGAST | 1 | Tumor tissue | Pyrosequencing | CHRNA3, DOK1, MGMT, RASSF1A, p14ARF, CDH1, MLH1, ALDH2, GNMT, MTHFR | Gastric cancer | 162 | [22] | |
| Iowa Women's Health Study | 1 | Tumor tissue | MethyLight | CpG island methylator phenotype | Smoking | Colorectal cancer | 555 | [23] |
| Netherlands Cohort Study | 1 | Tumor tissue | Methylation specific PCR | CACNA1G, IGF2, NEUROG1, RUNX3, SOCS1 | Body size and physical activity | Colorectal cancer | 734 | [113] |
| New York University Women's Health Study | 1 | Peripheral blood | Methylation specific PCR | RASSF1A, GSTP1, APC, RARβ2 | Breast cancer | 200 | [19] | |
| Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study | 1 | Tumor tissue | MethyLight | CpG island methylator phenotype | B vitamins | Colorectal cancer | 570 | [24] |
| Nurse's Health Study | 1 | Tumor tissue | MethyLight | CACNA1G, CDKN2A, CRABP1, IGF2, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3, SOCS1CHFR, HIC1, IGFBP3, MGMT, MINT-1, MINT-31, p14, WRN | B vitamins and alcohol | Colorectal cancer | 761 | [25] |
| Shanghai Women's Health Study | 1 | Peripheral blood | Pyrosequencing | Alu, LINE-1 | Gastric cancer | 576 | [20] |
Search strategy: a literature search retrieved >350 publications published between 1 January 2010 and 13 April 2012. Nested case-control studies within established longitudinal cohort studies are included. There are many further examples in which DNA methylation has been analyzed in a case-control study design, cross-sectional study or randomized controlled trial that includes some element of data collection over time (often retrospective), but these have not been included in the tables presented.