Figure 2.

Increased percentages of CCR4⁺ and CCR6⁺ memory T cell subsets in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Percentages of CD4⁺CCR4⁺ (a) and CD4⁺CCR6⁺ (b) T cells in the CCR7⁺CD45RA^- central memory (T_CM), CCR7^-CD45RA^- effector memory (T_EM), CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺ 'naïve by definition' (T_N), and CCR7^-CD45RA⁺ 'revertant' effector memory (T_EMRA) populations. (c) Dissection of the CD4⁺CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺ population with regard to CD45RA fluorescence intensity into CCR7⁺CD45RA^high cells representing genuine T_N and CCR7⁺CD45RA^med cells reminiscent of very early memory T cells (T_VEM). Percentages of CCR4⁺ and CCR6⁺ cells in the CCR7⁺CD45RA^med and CCR7⁺CD45RA^high subsets are shown. (d) Representative quadrant dot-plot analysis showing segregation of the gated CD4⁺CCR7⁺CD45RA⁺ T cell population into two subsets. CCR7⁺CD45RA^med T cells displayed CCR4 and CCR6 expression (T_VEM). CCR7⁺CD45RA^high T cells lacked CCR4 and CCR6 expression (genuine T_N). Numbers in quadrants and histograms represent percentages of cells. Percentages of positive cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Values are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test. CCR, CC chemokine receptor; HC, healthy control.