Table 1.
Child characteristics, child zBMI and BMI changes and characteristics of the built environement across studies.
| Variable | Study 1 (19) | Study 2 (20) | Study 3(21) | Study 4 (22) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age | 10.4 (1.2) | 10.2 (1.1) | 9.9 (1.2) | 10.1 (1.1) | NS |
| N | 67 | 45 | 52 | 27 | |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 21/46 | 22/23 | 21/31 | 11/16 | NS |
| zBMI | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.3 (0.3) | 0.051 |
| BMI | 28.1 (3.1) | 27.6 (3.1) | 27.6 (2.8) | 29.4 (3.3) | NS |
| % overweight | 66.0 (16.7) | 63.2 (16.2) | 65.3 (14.6) | 74.6 (19.2) | 0.032 |
| Socioeconomic status (SES) |
47.3 (10.2) | 49.1 (10.3) | 46.7 (9.9) | 48.2 (10.7) | NS |
| zBMI changes | |||||
| 0-6 months | −0.5 (0.3) | −0.6 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.2) | −0.3 (0.2) | <0.0013 |
| 0-12 months | −0.5 (0.5) | −0.5 (0.4) | −0.3 (0.3) | −0.3 (0.3) | <0.0013 |
| 0-24 months | −0.4 (0.4) | −0.3 (0.3) | +0.2 (0.2) | −0.2 (0.3) | 0.054 |
| BMI changes | |||||
| 0-6 months | −3.8 (1.9) | −3.9 (1.5) | −2.0 (1.7) | −2.1 (1.6) | <0.0013 |
| 0-12 months | −2.7 (2.7) | −2.5 (2.4) | −0.8 (2.2) | −1.1 (2.4) | <0.0013 |
| 0-24 months | −0.2 (3.3) | −0.1 (2.5) | 1.2 (2.0) | 0.4 (3.0) | 0.059 |
| Built environment variables | |||||
| Housing units/acre | 7.8 (7.2) | 5.9 (5.1) | 6.8 (4.8) | 6.7 (5.0) | NS |
| Number of intersections/mile (Block size) |
5.8 (1.8) | 5.6 (1.5) | 6.2 (1.7) | 6.2 (1.5) | NS |
| Parkland (Hectaries) | 6.2 (12.2) | 5.6 (9.0) | 3.5 (7.2) | 2.8 (5.6) | NS |
| Active recreation + parkland (Hectaries) |
9.9 (15.5) | 6.7 (9.1) | 6.0 (7.8) | 7.4 (10.5) | NS |
| # Grocery stores | 6.1 (7.5) | 4.2 (4.4) | 5.5 (6.1) | 5.5 (4.9) | NS |
| # Supermarkets | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.5) | NS |
| # Convenience stores | 5.6 (5.5) | 4.8 (3.5) | 5.8 (4.9) | 4.9 (3.6) | NS |
Note – BMI = body mass index, kg/m2. The average socioeconomic level (SES) of our families suggested they were middle class families, such as owners of medium sized businesses, minor professionals, or technical workers. Housing units/acre, and average block size are based on being within 1/2 mile of the participant’s home, while parkland and active recreational space + parkland are based on being accessible from roads within 1/2 mile of the participants home. Number of grocery stores, supermarkets, and convenience stores are counted within a 5 min drive from the participants’ home.
Study 4 > Studies 1,2;
Study 4 > Studies 1,2,3;
Studies 1,2 < Studies 3,4;
Study 1 < Study 3.