Table 3.

Trauma and Negative Life Events According to Exposure and Gender and Statistical Gender Differences Based on 􀀁􀀁 Analyses

Events	Direct Exposure (%)			Indirect Exposure (%)
	Males (n=161)	Females (n=310)	All (n=471)	Males (n=161)	Females (n=310)	All (n=471)
1. Traffic accident	11.8	22.6	19.03	53.4	49.0	50.3
2. Other serious accidents	23.6	14.9	20.71	36.0	40.8	38.8
3. Physical assault	19.9	23.9	22.5	23.0	26.8	25.5
4. Rape	6.8	11.5	9.8	23.6	34.4	30.52
5. Witnessed other people being injured or killed	24.2	45.9	38.45	34.2	49.7	44.34
6. Came close to being injured or killed	26.1	43.9	37.85	28.6	42.0	37.43
7. Threatened to be beaten	31.1	35.7	34.0	24.2	38.9	33.84
8. Near-drowning	14.3	27.7	23.05	23.0	31.2	28.2
9. Attempted suicide	11.2	17.5	15.2	28.6	36.0	33.2
10. Robbery/theft	29.8	36.3	33.8	43.5	51.0	48.0
11. pregnancy/abortion	10.6	15.6	13.8	32.3	43.3	39.21
12. Serious illness	49.7	58.0	54.9	51.6	54.8	53.4
13. Death of someone close	52.2	55.7	54.1	50.3	54.8	52.8
14. Divorce	24.2	31.8	29.0	35.4	42.4	39.7
15. Sexual abuse	12.4	23.9	19.84	23.6	36.3	31.73
16. Physical abuse	22.4	30.6	27.81	22.4	33.1	29.42
17. Severe childhood neglect	14.9	30.9	25.35	27.3	34.7	31.9
18. Humiliation or persecution by others (bullying)	28.0	34.7	32.2	29.8	36.9	34.2
19. Absence of a parent	34.2	39.2	37.4	32.9	38.5	36.5
20. Other traumas	4.3	11.1	8.83	5.0	13.4	10.44

¹ P< .05

² P<0.01

³ P<0.005

⁴ P< 0.001

⁵ P< 0.0005