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. 2012 Aug 22;10(8):1812–1851. doi: 10.3390/md10081812

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© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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General aspects of the sea anemone morphology. (a) Acrorhagi, the blue vesicles in Actinia equina, green variety (also called Actinia prasina), are used to fight against space towards other individuals (see arrow); (b) Acontia, the white threads secreted by Calliactis parasitica are used as defensive organs when disturbed (see arrow); (c) Bunodactis verrucosa specimens with tentacles retracted and fully expanded, illustrating the characteristic column with adhesive verrucae and short tentacles.