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. 2012 Jul 27;9(8):2636–2657. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9082636

Table 2.

Major bifunctional (alkylating) agents associated with the risk of occurrence of t-MN.

Drug DNA adduct DNA repair References
BCNU, CCNU, ACNU
graphic file with name ijerph-09-02636-i005.jpg

  • Monoadducts N1G, N7O6G

  • N1G:N3C interstrand CL

  • Intrastrand CLs

  • DNA-protein CL

  • MGMT

  • FANC pathway (HR, NER)

  • NHEJ, BER (minor)

 [19,20,21]
Cyclophosphamide
graphic file with name ijerph-09-02636-i006.jpg

  • N7G:N7G interstrand CL

  • N7G monoadducts

  • Phosphotriester monoadducts

  • Acrolein

  • DNA-protein CL

  • FANC pathway (HR, NER)

  • MGMT (?)

 [22,23,24,25,26,27,28]
Chlorambucil
graphic file with name ijerph-09-02636-i007.jpg

  • N3A, N7G monoadducts

  • N7G:N7G and N7G:N3A (?)

  • Interstrand and intrastrand CLs

  • N3A:N3A intrastrand CL

  • aneuploidy

  • BER

  • FANC pathway (NER, HR)

 [29,30,31,32]
Melphalan
graphic file with name ijerph-09-02636-i008.jpg

  • N3A, N7G monoadducts

  • 5'AGT3' interstrand CL

  • N7G:N7G and N7G:N3A (?)

  • Interstrand and intrastrand CLs

  • aneuploidy

  • NER

  • FANC pathway (NER, HR)

  • BER(?)

  • NHEJ

 [30,31,32,33]
Busulfan
graphic file with name ijerph-09-02636-i009.jpg

  • Monoadducts N7G, N3A or N7A (?)

  • 5'GA3', 5'GG3' intrastrand CL

  • N7G:N7G interstrand CL (weak)

  • DNA-protein CL

  • BER

  • MMR

  • FANC pathway (NER, HR)

 [20,21,34,35,36]
Platinum compounds
graphic file with name ijerph-09-02636-i010.jpg

  • N7G:N7G intrastrand CL 1,2-d(GpG), 1,3-d(GpNpG)

  • N7G:N7A intrastrand CL 1,2-d(ApG)

  • N7G:N7G interstrand CL

  • NER

  • MMR

  • FANC pathway (NER, HR)

 [37,38,39,40,41]