FIG. 2.

Improvement of the peripheral response to glucose and glucosuria after treatment with ADMSCs. A: An IGTT was performed in 12-h fasted mice 32 days after the first ADMSC administration. Glucose was administrated intraperitoneally in mice, and blood glucose levels (mg/dL) were determined 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. B: The area under the curve corresponding from time 0 to 120 was determined for each animal, and the average ± SD of each group is shown. C: Glucosuria (mg/dL) levels were determined 28 days after treatment in urine samples using a glucometer (averages ± SD are shown). Urine was diluted in 0.9% NaCl to fit samples into the linear range of the glucometer system. Administration of ADMSCs promotes an increase in hormone levels, which contributes to the amelioration of diabetes. Blood was obtained by intracardiac puncture of anesthetized mice before they were killed on day 35 (n = 5 mice/group). The levels of insulin (D), amylin (pg/mL) (E), GLP-1 (pg/mL) (F), GIP (pg/mL) (G), leptin (ng/mL) (H), and PYY (pg/mL) (I) are shown, and all data are expressed as average ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.