FIG. 4.

ADMSC treatment modulates the Th1 immune response by decreasing CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD4⁺TNF-α⁺ T cells in the PLNs of diabetic mice. The cells obtained from the PLNs were stimulated in vitro with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (100 ng/mL) + ionomycin (1 µg/mL) and brefeldin A (1 µg/mL) for 5 h and after analysis by flow cytometry for intracellular cytokine staining. Dot plots represent CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ (A) and CD4⁺TNF-α⁺ (B) T-cell frequencies in the CD4⁺ cell gate. Graphs show frequency of CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD4⁺TNF-α⁺ T cells in PLNs in the CD4⁺ cell gate and absolute number of CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD4⁺TNF-α⁺ T cells in the PLNs. Normoglycemic (control), female NOD from the same offspring that did not develop diabetes (hyperglycemia), used as controls (n = 5); Untreated, diabetic untreated mice (n = 5); ADMSC-treated, group of diabetic mice treated with ADMSCs (n = 5). Data are average ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.