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. 2012 Sep 13;61(10):2609–2620. doi: 10.2337/db11-1415

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Insulin-resistant macrophages exhibited elevated UPR. A: Fresh peritoneal macrophages from either Insr+/+ or Insr−/− mice fed regular chow diet were cultured at 37°C in DMEM with 10% FBS for 2 h. Cells were harvested and protein extracts were prepared. Western analysis was performed with antibodies against the proteins as indicated. Fold change indicates the expression ratio of Insr−/− over Insr+/+. n = 3. *P < 0.05. B: Fresh concanavalin A–elicited peritoneal macrophages isolated from Insr+/+ and Insr−/− mice were cultured as described in A and used to determine the levels of total and spliced Xbp1 mRNAs by real-time QPCR. QPCR was performed in triplicate. n = 3. *P < 0.05. C: Concanavalin A–elicited macrophages isolated from Insr+/+ and Insr−/− mice were treated with or without AcLDL (100 μg/mL) + compound 58059 (10 μg/mL) for indicated times. The levels of CHOP, 78-kDa glucose–regulated protein (GRP78) (immunoglobulin-binding protein [BIP]), and total and spliced Xbp1 mRNAs were measured by real-time QPCR. QPCR was performed in triplicate. n = 4. *P < 0.05 for Insr−/− vs. Insr+/+ cells at specific time points. Mr, molecular mass; k, kilodalton.